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But if you are taking out a loan and giving the cash to someone else all you have is the debt, that is what the government does.
OK, so you got the idea that the loan transaction itself is a wash as far as net worth goes. So now you ask how my use of the money affects net worth? The answer is "it depends"
If I take the $50K, and buy a car for $50K, I have merely exchanged an asset (ie cash) worth $50k for another asset (ie the car) worth $50K. Again, a wash. However, over time the car "wears out" which decreases it's value (this is called depreciation). *That* does decrease my net worth.
I had something worth $50K. Now it's worth $40K. My net worth went down $10
If I take $50k I borrowed and buy $50K worth of bonds, I have once again merely exchanged cash for something of equal value. My net value is unchanged.
If I use the money to go to Vegas, and blow the money on gambling, hookers, and cocaine, then I have "consumed" the asset (ie the cash). I have nothing to show for it. I still have the debt (ie liability), but no longer have the cash. My net value goes down.