That's because IBM is a business, and they aren't stupid.
Agreed.
But if you think future liabilities are driving this decision I'd argue that you're putting the cart before the horse.
If you ask yourself what has changed that may have required IBM to alter their insurance coverage, and you can't see the ACA as the the thing that forced the alteration, then you're wearing blinders. Willingly.
I would actually ask myself two questions:
1. Did something occur that is
requiring or
forcing IBM to alter it's coverage?
2. Or did something occur that
allowed IBM to to alter it's coverage (like a loophole opening) and IBM (because they're smart) jumped on it like a sterno bum on a nickle?
Let's, as they say, follow the money:
Take a look at IMB's OPEB/Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans information as reported for the year ending January 31, 2012.
As of that date IBM's OPEB plans were at a funded ratio of about 2% on projected benefit obligations of $6.2 billion with plan assets of $150 million.
So roughly a $6.05 billion deficit.
Now, there's no way those assets are going to cover even yearly expenses at IBM's assumed rate of return of 8.00%.
So....IBM is making contributions to it's OPEB plans at the rate of about $400 million a year just to cover the yearly expense (without making any contributions that would increase the funded status of their plans in order to make them more self sufficent/sustaining).
Also note that employees hired after January 1, 2004 are not eligible for any company subsidized non-pension postretirement benefits.
So IBM has a OPEB funding gap of roughly $6.05 billion that it can never realistically hope to close and out-of-pocket retiree healthcare expenses of $400 million a year (which will fluctuate yearly based on how much healthcare the retiree pool is actually consuming, could go down, could go WAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAY up).
Then the .gov comes along and provides a loophole whereby IBM can legally transfer that benefit risk onto the public by simply making an announcement and then, just like that, no more ugly benefit obligation hanging over the company's head and eating into profit.
IBM turned a profit last year somewheres north of $12 billion, so they can easily afford to maintain the current state of affairs without running a risk of investors fleeing. Even at the projected increased cost (which I can't find anywhere in any of their fed reporting, though it may have been mentioned on a call which I haven't checked) IBM would be doing okay.
So I can't see this as IBM being "forced" into anything.
My assessment as an investor is that IBM is making a smart move that's going to raise EPS and dividends by a couple points because they were provided with an opportunity upon which they've wisely capitalized.
My assessment as a retiree would be that Big Blue is a theiving back-stabber.
My assessment as a conservative who is looking for anything to pin on President Obama would be that this is the result of the socialist PPACA hamstringing big business and screwing hard-working Americans out of security in their retirement.