France uses the Euro, just to clarify first. For a household of one person, the lowest income tax bracket in France is 0 - €9,964 ($11,352) at 0%, not 14%. Between €9,964 ($11,352) - €27,519 ($31,354) is 14%. (
source)
Compare that to the U.S. Treating the standard deduction as the 0 bracket, in the U.S. the federal income tax rate is 0% for 0 - $12,200 in income. That is actually quite similar to the zero bracket in France. $12,200 - $29,000 is 10%. Less than France for that range for sure. But we are leaving out some other key nuances.
In the United States, Social Security and Medicare taxes are 7.65%. So the lowest income tax bracket in the U.S. factoring that in is really 7.65%, with the next bracket being 17.65%. That is higher than in France. Additionally, France has some weird refund and discount system in its tax code that reduces the actual tax owed. For example, "A further reduction of 20% in tax liability applies where your net taxable income is no greater than €18,685 for single person." (
More on that here). I wont pretend to be an expert on that system, but it does appear to significantly reduce the taxes the lowest earners pay.
And in 2016, 54% of French people did not pay income tax.
France takes in revenue primarily from the rich, expected in a progressive system of taxation.