When Alaska became a state the federal government didn't think that Alaska's small population could sufficiently support a state government on an income tax model so as part of the Alaska Statehood Act, Congress granted the state a 90% share on the sale of mineral rights sold for the exploration, development, and exploitation of federal land (which amounts to about 60% of the Alaskan landmass).
Additionally, Congress granted Alaska ownership of about 120 million acres of what was, at the time, federal land along with all subsurface mineral rights on that land. This state land accounts for about 30% of the Alaska landmass.
The remaining 10% of the land on Alaska is privately owned.
So Alaska receives 90% of the fees charged for mineral rights on federal land as well as 100% of the rights on state land.
In addition Alaska derives income from royalties on the sale of oil and minerals extracted from state land, production taxes, corporate income taxes, and fines and penalties charged for regulatory violations.
All told they're looking at about $5 billion in revenue this year just from oil and mineral operations.
In the interest of full disclosure, that isn't something I just rattled off from memory. I got that information from about a half dozen sources across the Internetz, primarily academic papers and government webpages. I'm not going to be bothered to cite all those sources so if anyone takes issue with them feel free to do so and go find your own numbers.