During the 1970s, Israel began providing support to Ahmed Yassin, a Muslim Brotherhood leader in the Gaza Strip, who controlled a network of Islamic schools, mosques, and clubs, in order to weaken the secular nationalist Palestine Liberation Organization. It continued to encourage the expansion of Yassin's network during the first year and a half of the First Intifada, as the network re-organised into Hamas. Support lasted until 1989, when Hamas launched its first attacks on Israelis, leading to a significant crackdown against the organisation.[7] Multiple Israeli officials have acknowledged Israel's role in strengthening Yassin's network.
In the late 2010s and early 2020s, Israeli officials encouraged Qatar to give aid to Hamas,[8] and approved the transfer of money from Qatar to the organization.[9] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that the aid transfers were allowed for humanitarian reasons;[10] Israeli intelligence officials believe that the Qatari money contributed to the success of the October 7 attacks.