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That's pretty easy to answer, so let's start naming the issues:
1.) The United States doesn't take teachers seriously, but they do take administrators seriously. As such, administrators and members of the School Boards/Boards of Education --many of whom have never taught a day in their lives-- make a majority of the important decisions. Power is centralized, and so teachers are just cogs in the machine. That does two things; one it creates very stupid academic initiatives --at the local, state, and Federal level-- and stupid educational policies; two, it demoralizes teachers and doesn't incentivize them to do a good job. Confer to Finland, which has the top public education system in the world; the choice there was to do the opposite: Strengthen the power of teachers (in both pay and institutional power) and weaken administrators. The results speak for themselves.
2.) The United States has a very anti-intellectual, anti-education culture. You can see this with how the average American (particularly from poor and rural areas) have nothing but absolute disdain for professors and teachers. That goes hand-in-hand with many beliefs, such as "math is hard" or "I hate writing." That gets ingrained at a young, young age. A lot of this has to do with our inability to move away from the old German factory-worker model of education (wrote memorization, responding to a bell, no emphasis on understanding, emphasis on repeating tedious tasks, etc).
3.) We know how to impose positive changes, but parents rebel. Parents don't like new ideas, and so this instills a pretty serious and pretty stupid contradiction --parents hate how they were educated and often bred nothing but their own contempt for education, but they also don't want to see any innovation or "new" aspects to teaching, because it confuses them and means they can't help their kids out on their homework. That makes them feel dumb, and so the teachers must be held responsible.
4.) The United States is obsessed with "objective standards" and "rewarding winners" far more than they care about servicing students. As such, it's Americans have chosen to value standardized testing over individualized classrooms to an extreme. Bad students get less and less money and attention --largely because the attention was never there in the first place-- and the good districts do what they can to reward their teachers. The education institution --again, from the Federal level to the local level-- does nothing but enable this.
5.) The average citizen, including the average parent, just doesn't give a flying ****.
That's a recipe for a disastrous educational system. (And we haven't even gotten to the US' university system and infrastructure, which was top notch but is quickly beginning to crumble for reasons not totally dissimilar to the issues raised here, only there administrative control and business "rapid growth" tactics are tearing down university institutions to sift for gold in the walls.)
I agree for the most part, but there are too many sweeping statements that detract from the message. On point one, I have to disagree, the NEA has become a large and powerful lobby and it DOES have a huge impact on how children get taught. Often practices are put in place to make things easier for teachers, and many are bad ideas in the first place.
I also have to disagree that parents automatically rebel to any change, since just about every attempted change the NEA has made in the last 20 years has seriously eroded the entire education system. If its anything like here, the push back comes with stupid ideas like no report cards, no rating system, and teaching to a mean standard where everyone comes out the same.
The rest, yep. I agree. The biggest problem is that too few give a ****. I suggest anyone even remotely interested in the US school system see the documentary film "Superman isn't coming" were 70 to 90 per cent of graduates in a ghetto school are graduating into college.