BACKGROUND
By way of brief background, the VCF was originally created in 2001, immediately following the attacks, by Public Law No. 107-42 (Sept. 22, 2001), as amended by Public Law No. 107-71 (Nov. 19, 2001), as an alternative to tort litigation, and was designed to provide compensation for any individual (or a personal representative of a deceased individual) who suffered physical harm or was killed as a result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, or the clean-up and debris removal efforts that took place in the immediate aftermath of those crashes. The original VCF (known as “VCF I”) operated from 2001 to 2004 under the direction of Special Master Kenneth Feinberg, and distributed over $7 billion. VCF I concluded operations in June 2004, after compensating the families of over 2,880 people who died on 9/11 and 2,680 individuals who were injured.
In 2011, Congress passed and the President signed the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 (“Zadroga Act”), Public Law No. 111-347 (Jan. 2, 2011), which reactivated the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (known as “VCF II”), expanded its pool of eligible claimants, and appropriated $2.775 billion to pay claims. VCF II opened in October 2011 and was originally authorized to accept claims for a period of five years, ending in October 2016. Prior to reaching the October 2016 claim filing deadline, however, in December 2015, Congress passed and the President signed the James Zadroga 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund Reauthorization Act, Public Law No. 114-113 (Dec. 18, 2015). The new Act extended the VCF for an additional five years, allowing individuals to submit claims until Dec. 18, 2020, and appropriated an additional $4.6 billion to pay claims, bringing the total appropriated amount for VCF II to $7.375 billion.