My suggestion is that you get there pretty fast. You're basically giving the impression that if you don't know the answers to those question... and I'd bet many PRO-gun rights folks wouldn't, you can't argue the issue. I have a BIG problem with that position.
I just found this thread and I am eagerly awaiting the other shoe. I am a gun enthusiast, and can answer most of these even though I am not very well versed in the AR platform or larger calibers. I'm a 22 target guy. The question about the difference between .223 and 22LR could be an essay for me. I do know the difference between .308 and 7.62 NATO. I know the difference between an M16 and an AR15. For me this distinction alone is a must know for anyone advocating an "assault weapons" ban. While they look very much alike (unless you know where and what a select fire switch is). Seeing how this will post on the 17th page or so I don't think I'm in any danger of ruining the surprise, so I'll just tell you. An AR15 is a semi auto rifle, meaning it sends one round each time the trigger is pulled. An M16 is selectable, meaning it can operate as a semi auto, 3 round burst or full auto.
Let me give you a perspective from a very knowledgeable 22 guy. I own several Ruger 10 22 rifles, possible the most prolific 22 semi auto available. I have seen magazines for these that hold as many as 100 rounds although they are pretty consistently unreliable and jam easily. A stock magazine is 10 rounds, the most common large capacity magazines are 25 rounds and there are some 50 rounders that have been reported to be pretty reliable. I don't personally know, I don't have a need for that much capacity all at once. If I am out hunting small game I will usually have either a 10 round or 25 round magazine with a pocket full of spares. But on to fire rate.
Now as I've said, I'm pretty proficient with these rifles. My most accurate one will put rounds in a 1 1/4 inch circle at 100 yards at a "relaxed" fire rate, approximately 30 rounds per minute. But it will fire as fast as you can pull the trigger. For those not practiced this is known as "spraying lead" or "spray and pray" as in pray you hit your target because there is much less control firing like this. But I can put 25 rounds on a 4 inch target at 100 yards in 8 seconds on a good day. That has taken years of practice and thousands of rounds.
Now let's consider a full auto 10 22. Yes, there are some out there. They were converted and registered before the first ban, and they are available for purchase if you can find someone who will sell one and are willing to pay for it. A semi auto 10 22 goes for about $225 new. A full auto can cost upwards of $2000 along with a $200 federal stamp that takes about 4 months to obtain.
The fire rate of a full auto 10 22 is about 1400 rounds per minute. That means you can dump a 25 round magazine in about 1 second. Personally I have no interest in this, I just don't enjoy reloading that much.
OK, so we go from accurately firing 30 rounds per minute to spraying 1400 rounds per minute (assuming you can change out magazines that fast, which you can't). That's a huge difference.
Now for the AR15 vs M16 comparison. The AR15 has about the same fire rate as my 10 22. It is semi auto only. An M16 is selectable, so it can fire anywhere from 30 to (I would guess, I haven't fired a full auto) upwards of 1000 rounds per minute. One is an "assault rifle", the other is not.