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The studies that led to this treatment are linked below. They include the makeup of the nutritional drinks (Optifast) and the results.I tried to look it up but couldn't find out about fat, protein, etc. in the shakes, but if it works, that's great.
Direct year 1 results
Direct year 2 results
DROPLET
The first study was done by Newcastle University and involved a 600 calorie diet of supplements + 200 calories of non-starch veggies.
Newcastle Study
Extreme low-calorie diets, such as the 600 calorie diet studied by Newcastle University have been hailed as extremely effective in helping people with diabetes to control their blood glucose levels.
In some instances, reports of temporary diabetes cures have been reported from following an extreme low-calorie diet for a short period
What led to this research was a finding that people losing weight rapidly (for example by lap-band surgery) had a fast improvement in blood glucose control even before losing weight. The research showed that a VLCD diet triggered a 'reset' in insulin sensitivity very quickly and that the rapid weight loss was safe under medical supervision.