I am fine with paying a higher percentage of my income in taxes than someone that earns less than me. This has nothing to do with that. I pay a state income tax, I pay a local income tax in the city I work in. I also pay sales taxes and property taxes, both state and local. On top of that, I pay personal property taxes as well as various licenses and fees to my state and local government.
I get services in return for those taxes: roads and infrastructure, policing, fire and ambulance, schools, parks, mountain bike trails, lakes, conservation land, state parks trash pickup, a local fitness center, my local government even comes by several times during the Fall and vacuums up any leaves I pile up near the street. Those are all services that I pay my state, county, and local governments for with my taxes. More important as to the topic of the thread, those are services that the federal government does not have to provide for me. The federal government does not have to devote tax revenue to pave the road in front of my house, to pick up my trash, to police my neighborhood, for my local fitness center and so on. If those services were not handled by my state, county, and local government, the federal government would be stuck doing a lot of them because they are services necessary for communities and societies to function. That is why I am able to (and should be able to) deduct the taxes I pay my state, county, and local government from my federal taxes - because they are paying for services the federal government doesn't have to deliver.