Why not?
Wouldn't the value of Gold sky rocket exponentially to in relational to the value of the dollar taking off?
Several reasons...
One, Debt and Currency in Circulation.
We have gone so far down the road of using a Fiat Money system that trying to back our currency now would reveal a real system shortfall. Namely to our Total Debt position, and how that debt is handled in relation to "full faith of the government" vs. precious metal backing. We know beyond a shadow of a doubt that we have so much Total Debt today that trying to introduce a Gold Standard would show we do not have near enough.
Over estimate and assume we have 10,000 tonnes of Gold somewhere (best estimates suggest the US has roughly 8,133 tonnes.) So, you are talking about one ton being 2000 pounds, and 16 ounces per pound. That takes the overestimate at 320,000,000 ounces of gold held by the US government. Gold closed yesterday at $1,218.20, or Government valuation at $389,824,000,000 as of yesterdays prices. Factor in that we have roughly (as of April 2015) $1.36 trillion in circulation in some form. Just to cover what we have in circulation alone, gold would have to be valued at roughly $4,250 per ounce very damn quick. Or, we would need roughly 34,800 tonnes of Gold at present prices. Neither seems even plausible, and do not forget we have not even talked about covering the $18.2 Trillion in debt we have currently racked up (which is above 100% of our GDP.)
Two, massive growth headwind.
Because of our current economic model trying to introduce a Gold Standard now would mean part of the GDP math quarter to quarter would come down to the money supply. Our model has become very adapt (accustomed to) the money supply being dynamic and constantly growing. When it is backed by a Standard you either dilute the standard to stay dynamic or obtain more of that standard which inflates the price. Look at it this way, post WW2 we look at healthy growth being in that 2% to 3% window when accounting for all the points of the economic cycle (I'm talking about the growth tend line from Economics 101.) The gold supply has not risen at that same pace but valuation has been all over the place given the factors that it sells under. We are never going to find enough gold, ongoing, to support that rate. So valuation ends up being the thing that harms us in the long run. As it did historically when this nation faced deep economic problems, and the money supply was a constraint to the solution.
Three, competition among money systems.
If we attempted a return, ignoring all of the above, it would pressure the world exchanges in handling currency valuations based on ever changing economic conditions.
Odds are given that dynamic, including all the ways the US Dollar handles transactions of oil or even used as reserves against other currency, then it would take an unrealistic and unwieldy agreement to get all nations to a Gold Standard just to avoid the global implications of such an economic bomb on the marketplace.
This is just not a practical solution today given how far we and other nations have used Fiat Money systems.