From your link:
http://www.debatepolitics.com/abortion/70634-fertilization-vs-implantation.html,
you quoted “Human Identity and Bioethics” by David DeGrazia, a bioethicist, a philosopher by educational background. This is what you quoted him said:
So far, there is no specialization of these cells to perform different tasks; nor is there interaction or integration among them. In this sense, they are tantamount to a colony of eight contingently joined zygotes. They are not yet functioning as a single organism.
The above statements are plainly and scientifically wrong. It’s the same old dishonest tactic used by abortion proponents in the line of “embryo/fetus have no functioning brain therefore not a person” argument.
The notion that “there is no specialization of these cells to perform different tasks” when referring to an embryo at two-cell stage is simply false and silly.
Specialization is simply a cellular process in which large portions of genome are switched off through modifications in gene expression. Only certain portions of the DNA which are essential for building certain tissues or organs are transcribed and translated into macromolecules such as proteins. This results in tissues and organs with cells having very different physical characteristics despite the fact that all the cells throughout the individual human life span have the same genome (DNA) since conception. A zygote or multicellular embryo hasn't reached that stage yet, so it's silly to expect such high level of specialization at tissue or organ stage. Do you expect a toddler to produce sperms or ovulate eggs at the reproductive gametosgenesis level of cellular specialization? Of course not. Then why expect the zygote or multicelluar embryo to do so?
A zygote is a totipotent cell that gives rise to all other cell types in our body that make up all our tissues and organs. Its primary role in specialization is to make identical copies of its genome (DNA) and transcribe/translate only the portions of DNA to produce cellular organelles and structures to make another identical cell. The resulting embryo of two identical cells are also totipotent cells capable of reproducing identical embryonic cells, even leading to twinning event.
In the lab study of in vitro (in the petri dish) embryogenesis, it takes about 36 hours for each early round of cell division. In human body where the warm and moist natural environment is conducive, it may be less, we don’t know. Studies from mouse embryos as early as eight cell-stage suggested that the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis has occurred. This axis is important in determining the overall body plan and orientation of the developing embryo.
At 16-cell stage, which is termed morula, it is even more specialized. It now produces the highly polarized trophectoderm (outer rim of cells) and the inner cell mass.
So, it is clear that the zygote or the multicellular embryo is doing the task of what it is supposed to do at its given stage as nature intended. To suggest that “there is no specialization of these cells to perform different tasks” is clearly false unless the writer intended to mean different tissues or organs such as muscles, brain, kidneys, etc performing different task. That again is silly, because it is in diametrical opposition to reality and natural event. But, people who are rational would not be so gullible to fall for such irrational nonsense. Only people who are for abortion for the slaughter of innocent human life are desperate enough to grab for anything, however absurd it may be, to sustain their lies.
With regards to the assertion that “They are not yet functioning as a single organism”. This is also false.
A zygote is functioning as a single organism while floating alone by itself in the oviduct of the fallopian tube. It undergoes the cellular process of mitosis and the production of macromolecules such as proteins, ribosomes, RNA, etc through gene transcription and translation to give rise to another identical cell all by itself (self-directed) without any external human intervention.
Likewise, the resulting embryo of two cells existing side by side communicating with each other through chemical signals much like our somatic cells communicating with each other constantly as one unit to reproduce another two identical cells through the same cellular process without needing any human intervention.
These are highly educated lies by contortion from a so-called “bioethicist” who is clearly biased towards his personal agenda for abortion cause. Some people who are not fully invested in the study of embryology or biological science involving human development and embrogenesis will fall prey to the wolf. Ethicist? Clearly not.
In the next post I will deal with your comment you made regarding this quote of from your link on “fertilization vs implant”.
http://www.debatepolitics.com/abortion/70634-fertilization-vs-implantation.html,