how many schools have practiced affirmative action? for the last 50 years?
this is about California-not the ivies, not other elite public schools like U of Texas, Rutgers, U of NC, U of VA and top private schools
When California voters in 1996 rejected affirmative action, CSU and UC could no longer consider race and ethnicity in admissions, making a huge impact on the public universities.
edsource.org
Bowen and Bok (1998), for example, examined the admissions decisions of five highly selective institutions in 1989 and found that eliminating affirmative action would reduce "the overall probability of admission for black applicants from its actual value of 42 percent in 1989 to a hypothetical value of 13 percent'' (32). Espenshade, Chung, and Walling (2004), analyzing admissions data from three highly selective institutions in the early 1980s, 1993, and 1997, found that the odds of admission for black and Hispanic applicants were 5.5 and 3.7 times that of comparable white applicants, respectively. (2007, 317)
do the math-thousands of white students denied admissions over the years