I don't think it has been demonstrated that AA makes things worse overall, just that it does some harm along with whatever good it does. The net effect of AA over time is difficult to gauge because society is a complex system and there are a lot of interacting factors which influence outcomes.
I think that intention of AA is good, and there's probably a need for it because there is some racial discrimination, so the trick is to figure how to effectively implement AA. IMO, preferential college admissions is a very bad way to do it.
This is essentially a post I made over 15 years ago-it's archived so I repeat some of it
Let me use an example
say you are the tennis coach at stanford and your job is to get the best team possible. You have one more scholarship to give with two candidates
candidate A is the son of a wealthy man who was once a top tennis player. His son has his own indoor court and a full time coach. He is ranked #3 in the country for his age group
Candidate B is from a middle class background. He plays at a public court and sometimes has private lessons. He is ranked 15th in the country in his age group.
Now on pure merit, candidate A is better but you can make a very good argument that B might be the better athlete. A might not get any better since he has every possible training advantage now.
when someone first explained affirmative action to me they did it this way.
they used say a rich white kid who went to the best prep school in the country who got a 1500 SAT versus a poor black kid who went to a crappy public school who made 1450.
However, in practice (and I saw this as a college student at one of the top schools and then as a law student at another top school) this isn't what happens' rather I saw Black kids from Exeter or Andover get into Yale with lower scores than middle class white guys from decent public schools
I saw wealthy black kids at Yale College with 3.4-700 LSAT scores routinely admitted to Harvard Law while white kids with no more income with 3.7 and 750 were usually Turned down.
One year at Yale Law-over 500 white males who were turned down had a higher GPA/LSAT score than most if not all of the top 10 ranking blacks admitted
black became "disadvantaged" and white became "advantaged".
theoretically I don't oppose affirmative action if you truly get the person who has performed the best given the circumstances
in reality its racism and needs to be stamped out