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Despite your repeated indications otherwise, immigration is not the same as naturalization.
And immigration was in fact a state power. Immigration does not involve any sort of compact with either another State, or another country.
Congress really had no controls or limits on immigration by the terms of constitution, and deliberately so, because the federal government had no territory it was entitled to by that constitution to legislate over, and immigrate into.
If Congress could control immigration, and admit people into the sovereign territory of a state, it might engage an assault upon that state via immigration, even as we see occuring right now by our the Federal government's refusal to check entry into this contry.
1) Congress' only power enumerated in Article 1, Section 8, is the power to institute a "uniform rule of naturalization". That "uniformity" is a reference to uniformity among the various States, because they were engaging the actual naturalization to be "citizens of the State of _____" with that citizenship being recognized in each of the other several States. States could require additional rules of naturalization, but were obligated to apply the minimal federal terms.
2) Congress had no authority over immigration, because to immigrate one must enter into a territory, and by the Constitution the only territories that the Congress had authority to legislate over was the 10x10 District of Columbia, and federal property such as forts, arsenals, military bases, and territories administered by Congress inclusive of prospective States. That's it! There's nothing in there really to "immigrate" into.
3) Even before taking up residence in a State, the various states would require an oath of allegiance unto the State and union, years and even decades before any sort of reciprocal citizenship was granted. Denizens were given permission to take up residence in a state, but without any intention of granting citizenship to them, or their offspring, as their allegiance to a foreign nation remained.
4) All of the above changed after the Civil War, not by any amendment to the Constitution, but rather by usurpation by the federal government of powers which it did not, and still does not, legitimately have. The first Immigration Act written by Congress was in 1875, a decade after the Civil War, Page Act of 1875 , followed by the Chinese Exclusion Acts of 1882.
In response to these Chinese Exclusion Acts, in 1898, THIRTY YEARS after the 14th Amendment, the Supreme Court in Wong Kim Ark acted against Congress' deliberate and lawful intent in those Chinese Exclusion Acts, in a roundabout fashion, by deliberately corrupting the intent of "jurisdiction" in the 14th Amendment, to be jurisdiction of law, rather than complete jurisdiction of allegiance, as originally intended, thereby through Judicial legislation-from-the-bench turning the 14th Amendment into creating a whole new type of citizen by virtue of mere birth on U.S. soil - Anchor babies.
The Horace Gray court did this in Wong Kim Ark despite even a joint statement from Congress only 6 years after the 14th Amendment, on June 22, 1874, House Report No. 784, indicating:
““The United States have not recognized a double allegiance. By our law a citizen is bound to be ‘true and faithful’ alone to our government.” "
The intent of this statement was to recognize that no person merely born on American soil could be born a citizen of the United States, if they were born to parents, either of whom was a citizen owing allegiance to a foreign nation. Such a person would be born with the allegiance of their parents, having more than one allegiance, and therefore could not be an American citizen without naturalization.
Yet the Gray court ignored this longstanding history and intention existing from this nation's inception, and fabricated on its own, without legislative authority, not only anchor babies, but forced recognition of dual allegiance contrary to the intent of Congress, thereby giving away our national sovereignty, and control over immigration and naturalization.
Today our immigration problems and overburdening of infrastructure, are the result of this rogue and criminal Gray court, and the ongoing criminal intent of current members of Congress.
As has been shown by other information elsewhere, the Civil War as not just a war against slavery, but was actually about the federal government's usurpation of powers nowhere its own legitimately by the Constitution, and making war against the Constitution, and this country's free citizenry.
In short, you're entirely wrong in your claims about immigration.
problems which would arise of states controlled immigration:
this would make states in total control of their own borders and no other state or federal government could violate those borders........its laws.
if states controlled their own borders, the state department could not issue visas to america, at all becuase they would have no authority over the interior of the u.s.
if states controlled their own borders, a foreign head of state could not come to america, unless a state issued a visa, this means intentional talks by heads of states, coming to america would have to apply for visas from every state they plan to visit, and since foreign nations and a state cannot agree on things .......without congress approval.
if states controlled their own borders, no foreign ships or planes, could dock /land in america unless, the foreign nation and the states agreed on immigration, and that would take the approval of congress.
if states controlled their own borders, states could ban immigration from certain foreign nations, it would then compel every other state to institute that ban, since any state not following the states ban would circumvent, or undermine the effective ban on that nation by a state by letting foreign nationals into the interior of america.
if states controlled their own borders, any ban of a nation by a state, would cause foreign nations to retaliate against America's immigration into their nation.
if states controlled their own borders, any foreign national found within a state, could not be repatriated to his foreign nation, becuase the state and a foreign nation cannot make an agreement on their return, .......without congress approval.
if states controlled their own borders, a foreign national who committed a crime, under due process he has a right to counsel, even foreign counsel, but since the state and a foreign nation cannot agree, approval by congress would have to be given, if counsel from outside the u.s. is sought.
if states controlled their own borders, foreign vehicles from Canada or Mexico, would have to get separate visas of each state, they sought to operate in if they drove throughout the u.s., and since no agreement can be made between the two, ...congress must approve.
if states controlled their own borders, if one state had a very liberal immigration policy, and let in foreign nationals, as compared to a state with very conservative immigration polices, this would allow foreigners to circumvent the conservative states policy, and cause it higher enforcement costs, which it would sue the state with the liberal polices, this would cause immigration lawsuits in courts, with states fighting states over immigration.
if states controlled their own borders, immigration among the states would be at a halt, becuase the states among themselves would have to agree all the 50 immigration laws instituted by the states and reach an agreement, which they cannot do without congress approval.
these are just some i thought of, i know i can think of more.