There were many sources of income, but they were directly related to the slave trade. The spice and sugar plantations relied on slave labor. The opium trade provided a vast revenue, but nothing compared to the spice/sugar trade. Also, the tyrannies of the Spanish Armada and Napoleon were no better or worse than the British Empire. It's all subjective.
It was my impression that tea was the most profitable, and that it wasn't through slave labor, but through selling tea in Europe, using the proceeds to buy opium in India, and then using the opium to purchase more tea to sell in Europe.
You could make that argument in the last sentence about Napoleon's efforts to bring republicanism to Europe...but then he had to go crown himself Emperor. Power corrupts, and all that. But England was by no means as bad as Spain - there's nothing in English history that compared with the horror of the Inquisition...and that's without addressing the actions of the conquistadors.
My point is the British were humiliatingly defeated at the Somme. The worst loss in British history. Their superiority over the seas went unchecked until the end of WWII, as naval warfare was of a lesser extent during WWI. However, Britain's superiority on land was a mere legend after the Somme. The disillusioned Irish troops, wanting their own sovereignty back at home (with the Irish Free State being created afterwards) and colonial powers, no longer wishing to adhere to the monarchy (Canada was the first to go), the British Empire was falling on its face. Also, Americans are quick to forget that if the French hadn't assisted the American Revolutionaries during the Battle of Yorktown, the war would certainly have ended in failure.
Concerning the Battle of the Somme, maybe. I hadn't heard that take before. I had thought that Paschendaele was the more traumatic battle for England, but your point would remain the same, particularly in that (as I understand it) there was a greater percentage of troops from the Commonwealth involved in the Somme than at Paschendaele, also known as Third Ypres. You may well be right - I've got to think on that one.
And I strongly agree that Americans have forgotten what the French did for us. I believe that our conservatives have engendered the same type of contempt and overconfidence found in all peoples whose nations stood at the proverbial top of the heap in their time in human history.
Your grasp of history is quite impressive and I hope we speak more on here. Glad to hear that London and Paris treated you well. London is a great place for historical museums, with the Imperial War Museum being my favorite. Cheers.
Thanks, but there's so much to learn...and I'm sure there's quite a bit that I need to unlearn, as well. I wanted so much to go to the Imperial War Museum (we went right by it!), and to go to all the others, particularly the National Maritime Museum (I'm retired Navy, and Nelson's IMO the greatest admiral that ever lived). I also wanted to go to the HMS Victory down in Portsmouth...
...but my Darling whom I adore - we've got a very, very happy marriage (23 years so far) - detests history...and because I dearly love her (and peace in the household) more than I love history, I let it all go. Ah well, maybe next time. There WILL be a next time.
And likewise, I'm greatly enjoying the exchange - one of the things I enjoy most in a discussion is being proven wrong, because that means that some of my ignorance has been removed...and that's why I'm sort of excited to read what you said about the Somme. That is truly interesting to me. That said,
here's something I wrote several years ago you might like - it's a reply to Kipling's "White Man's Burden". I hope you like it.