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Yeah, and we can't charge an alien with it. Why? Because they do not owe us allegiance. And we are thus unable to exert full jurisdiction over them.
The question is not whether some other charge could be levied. If an alien enters the US and then decides to wear the uniform of a foreign power and engage in lawful acts of war against the United States, the worst thing we can do is hold him as a prisoner until the cessation of hostilities. We can charge a US citizen who does the same with treason. Because they are subject to our jurisdiction.
"Under" is not the same thing as "subject to."
Assuming you're referring to someone who was born in the United States and subject to it's jurisdiction, they absolutely can be charged with Treason provided that the acts in question were committed after they reached adulthood.