The English words "Wales" and "Welsh" derive from the same
Old English root (singular
Wealh, plural
Wēalas), a descendant of
Proto-Germanic *
Walhaz, which was itself derived from the name of the
Gaulish people known to the Romans as
Volcae. This term was later used to refer indiscriminately to inhabitants of the
Western Roman Empire.
[11] Anglo-Saxons came to use the term to refer to the
Britons in particular; the plural form
Wēalas evolved into the name for their territory, Wales.
[12][13] Historically in
Britain, the words were not restricted to modern Wales or to the Welsh but were used to refer to anything that Anglo-Saxons associated with Britons, including other non-Germanic territories in Britain (e.g.
Cornwall) and places in Anglo-Saxon territory associated with Britons (e.g.
Walworth in
County Durham and
Walton in
West Yorkshire).
[14]
The modern Welsh name for themselves is
Cymry, and
Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales. These words (both of which are pronounced
[ˈkəm.rɨ]) are descended from the
Brythonic word
combrogi, meaning "fellow-countrymen",
[15][16] and probably came into use before the 7th century.
[17][18] In literature, they could be spelt
Kymry or
Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland.
[15] The
Latinised forms of these names,
Cambrian,
Cambric and
Cambria, survive as names such as the
Cambrian Mountains and the
Cambrian geological period.