dthmstr254 said:
most scientists still held closely to the Newtonian theory, which is the theory of an orderly universe. they might not have believed in God, but they did not have a way to get him out of the picture. then came Darwin. he started to explore how he thought the Lord created the world and got rid of the dinasours. he came up with the theory of microevolution, which is evolution within a species, like one breed of dog to another mix of breeds over a small period of time ...
Some men came up with the idea of religion without any observation ...
dthmstr254 said:
he NEVER expected for the scientists of the day to accept his theory at all.
But he would not force, like religion did in Middle Ages.
dthmstr254 said:
and he definitely didnt expect them to expand his theory to include mutating from species to species. there is actually no reference to multispecies mutation (or whatever you call it) within origin of species so they cant have gotten that idea from him. the scientists still did not want to use the term of atheist, because they believed the deists and theists of the day would publicly destroy their chances of spreading the theory of evolution, so a man named Thomas Huxley coined the term "agnosticism" which basically meant "we dont believe in your God, but we believe something is out there that created this whole mess." agnosticism spread like fire and rapidly took over most scientists beliefs. over the last century it has developed into what we now know as atheism.
Thank you for the information. Is this a logical statement? Ratherly not, it is a summation of human history.
Because religion existed first and because an evolution theory was not yet complete is no argument at all. How can a theory be constructed AND being complete at once?
Religion was simply based upon no observations. It can never be proven, neither be disproven. Whoever tries to disprove God's existance is a fool. I am CONVINCED he does not exist, because of logical assumptions.
I have always tried to dis-suggest religion, but never to disprove. One cannot disprove what is beyond perception. He will never perceive!
dthmstr254 said:
atheism is part of a branch of philosophy that we call naturalism. the basic answer to the question of "what is ultimately real?" or "what is reality about?" to a naturalist is "matter."
I, as an atheist, hold the view that observations are real. Every object is as perceived, in my opinion. Phemonlogy states that only the person's senses and thoughts are true proof of existence. Any object in front of me is a sensual perception and thus has no validity of proof. I CHOOSE to accept evidence as proof, in this wonderful world of perception.
I, as an atheist, base myself upon observations only.
dthmstr254 said:
So... if life is an episode between two oblivions, and there is no heaven to look forward to, then what, therefore, is the reason to live? the hopelessness of this worldview is what led to a belief called Nihilism.
Again, a confusing of "reason". Let's have a look:
1. [n] a rational motive for a belief or action.
2. [n]
an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon.
3. [n] the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination.
4. [v] decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion.
5. [v] present reasons and arguments.
6. [n]
a justification for something existing or happening.
7. [n] the state of having good sense and sound judgment.
8. [v] think logically.
9. [n] a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion.
What is the reason for your life? Birth, I'd say - without considering an event as a single point in space-time.
However, I assume you mean essence.
In that case, I refer to the animal instinct of survival. Ever seen an animal kill himself? A dog does not believe in "God" ...
dthmstr254 said:
Richard Dawkins
The universe we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil and no good, nothing but blind, pitiless indifference.
Wrong view. If I can feel pain and pleasure, then another one with consciousness can as well. What I am is a concept, but I do have my consciousness and scentience (the ability to perceive (p.e. feel pain)).
dthmstr254 said:
this is evidently a hopeless life if there is nothing to hope for, no design, and no good.
the naturalists tried to make up for the hopelessness of life by replacing the hope of heaven with the worldview known as existentialism.
this worldview had so many possibilities that it split into the two worldviews known as hedonism and humanism.
hedonism is the belief that if it makes you feel good, then it must be moral.
I'm not a hedonist and your views are a true example of false logic. You simply neglected everything I stated.
dthmstr254 said:
Heidegger, Sartre, Kierkegaard, Jaspers, Marcel, early Simone de Beauvoir.
The general concern of existentialism is to give an account of what it is like to exist as a human being in the world. Epistemologically, it is denied that there can be an absolutely objective description of the world as it is without the intervention of human interests and actions. The world is a 'given' and there is no epistemological scepticism about its existence; it has to be described in relation to ourselves.
Indeed. That's why man is egocentric. Yet, so is each animal. Man has morality, because of his intelligence.
dthmstr254 said:
There is no fixed essence to which beings have to conform in order to qualify as human beings; we are what we decide to be .. The issue of freedom and choice are of crucial importance in existentialism. Sartre thinks that authentic choices are completely undetermined. If we make our decisions merely by reference to an external moral code or set of procedures, then we are, similarly, not arriving at authentic choices. Buber disagrees with Sartre over what it is to choose: he maintains that values which have been discovered, not invented, can be adopted for one's life.
Wrong. I do have no proof of another's consciousness, hence no certainty he is perceiving or not. Thus I must - in either kind of way - act moral for any object with consciousness. If I am conscious, than an other MIGHT be as well. To avoid harm, I must abide morality.
The ideal is to retrieve a balancement in life quality AND to avoid harm.
dthmstr254 said:
in other words, if killing someone makes you happy then you should do it.
Wrong, because the other does not feel good. I have no certainty of his consciousness, thus I may not act.
dthmstr254 said:
basically, if it doesnt hurt a human, then it is moral.
Wrong, if it doesn't hurt an animal, it is moral. Once more:
- I perceive the world out of my own eyes, as you mentioned.
- Observations are no proof.
- Observations are not proven to be wrong. My perception is not proven to be false so far.
THUS: I may not kill any animal that I perceive, because it MIGHT EXIST and I have no certainty.
We live in a world without choice and guilt - both are defined by a number of natural events (motions of particles).
BUT: Consciousness is the main reason for morality's existence.
Morality is to define the difference between good and bad. Because guilt does not exist, I use "bad" to refer to "harm to a conscious being". We both are NOT RESPONSIBLE for our actions, but one can have a better life than another. Take this example (guilt does not exist):
Person A has had a better life and enjoys it. Person B has a crap life. Now neither one of both is guilty, because that is a naturalistic view. Person A has the right to get more "crap" now, because person B had it. Person A is not "moral", because he has more life quality and did nothing about it. Yet, he bears no guilt.
May "person B" kill "person A"?
No, because the individual makes the change and such events do escalate - on large scale (see laws). Eventually more harm would be caused.
Also, considerig the prior point, we try to avoid "harm". Death is considered as worst - because of animal instinct - and thus must be avoided at all costs. Most likely person B's quality will not improve after person A's death.
We are trying to aim for:
- balancement of life quality
- avoid harm (capture of "life quality" is not allowed; it will escalate)
If harm is not avoided and only balacement is achieved. Then there isn't much solved, is there? All lives would be moderate and goodness would not exist.
dthmstr254 said:
this is a basic history and expounding of the naturalist worldview. thanks for the help in my philosophy report
No, it is not a naturalistic view.