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"ALL moral standards and values are man-made"


No, it's still unclear. Let's simplify it....

Are you an atheist?
 
What philosophy, which philosopher(s)? Cite.

Natural rights have been discussed by many, but Kant does (IMO) the best in coming to an understanding of natural rights through intelligence and reason.
 

Have to disagree with you again
Objective morality is not like Loch Ness Monster, faires, or dragons, There has never been any evidence of them. However we KNOW that morality has and does change depending on when/where you are. Thus we KNOW it is subjective, if it is subjective it cannot be objective.
 
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Their acts weren't moral because Hitler was irrational and factually wrong. They were also logically unethical because it disrupts the bonds of trust that are necessary for a society to continue functioning. The results of their acts speak for themselves-they destroyed Germany and much of the continent. See my previous post proving that Hitler and the Nazis were motivated to do their acts by their Christian religion and the Bible. The believers in a god-dictated morality do not have a better track record than the other side of this debate.
 
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Empathy is associated with the animals with more sophisticated brains. It probably did evolve.
 
How can you give a label to something that doesn't give any explanation as to what it is?
How can you identify it if we don't know exactly what something looks like, or what makes it that?

You're conflating "why" and "what". You don't need to know "why" to know "what". You don't need to know why that mountain exists to know that the mountain exists, that it's X ft tall, that its peaks are covered with snow, that it's difficult to climb etc etc. The vast majority of people, you certainly included, actually have no idea why certain things seem to be right/wrong, but that is no barrier to them believing that they are.
 
I should mention that "morals" tend to include two major types of rules-those that are intended to prevent harm to others and help society function smoothly and those that are culture-specific customs. Prohibitions against murder, robbery, etc. are the first type. Prohibitions on consensual and safe sexual activities, requirements to cover parts of your body (that are not based on sanitation issues), rules on whether you can wear a hat or not, bans on certain words or discussing taboo topics are the latter type.

The latter type are the ones that vary most across cultures and over time, and that's perfectly fine because they are not related to preventing actual harm. Sometimes the latter type were originally intended to prevent harm, but the original reason is no longer necessary or even forgotten.

Some 'moral' rules are intended to keep maintain the power of the powerful, which is primarily a part of the latter type of "morals.' They also may function to help society function smoothly, but most likely in the short term. In the long term they may harm society by creating inequity and divisiveness.

One of the problem with religion/tradition based 'morals' is that they give equal weight to both types.

Examples:
Murder prohibited-intended to prevent harm to others and help society function smoothly
Tattoos prohibited-culture-specific custom
Women must cover their breasts-culture-specific custom
Insulting the king is prohibited-culture-specific custom intended to keep maintain the power of the powerful
 
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The story below may not be true, but it is a plausible explanation for how some of our 'morals' that are based on religion/tradition may have originated.

"4 monkeys in a room. In the center of the room is a tall pole with a bunch of bananas suspended from the top. One of the four monkeys scampers up the pole and grabs the bananas. Just as he does, he is hit with a torrent of cold water from an overhead shower. He runs like hell back down the pole without the bananas. Eventually, the other three try it with the same outcome. Finally, they just sit and don’t even try again. To hell with the damn bananas. But then, they remove one of the four monkeys and replace him with a new one. The new monkey enters the room, spots the bananas and decides to go for it. Just as he is about to scamper up the pole, the other three reach out and drag him back down. After a while, he gets the message. There is something wrong, bad or evil that happens if you go after those bananas. So, they kept replacing an existing monkey with a new one and each time, none of the new monkeys ever made it to the top. They each got the same message. Don’t climb that pole. None of them knew exactly why they shouldn’t climb the pole, they just knew not to. They all respected the well established precedent. EVEN AFTER THE SHOWER WAS REMOVED! (Source)

The earliest mention I could find of this experiment was in the popular business/self-help book, Competing for the future by Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad (1996). [the quote above is from the book] The authors did not provide a source for this claim. This story was later repeated in various other popular business/self-help books." psychology - Was the experiment with five monkeys, a ladder, a banana and a water spray conducted? - Skeptics Stack Exchange
 
They are constructs of humanity, understood through intelligence and reason. This has been the subject of philosophy for centuries now.

You're talking about human rights?


“Natural Rights” v. “Human Rights”

Moreover, whereas “natural rights” offer a viable (and tested) foundation for freedom, “human rights” offer an avenue to power for tyrannical leaders and ideologues who are willing to sacrifice even their own people for a cause, whatever it may be.

Consider this: “natural rights” are frequently described as God-given, and as such provide a bulwark against government’s tendency to become tyrannical. “Human rights,” on the other hand, are usually the constructs of men: men who are most often atheistic (or “enlightened”) in their worldview, and therefore looking for some earthly-yet-quasi-universal justification for being nice to one another and abiding by the rules of the state.

A clear contrast between these categories of rights can be had by looking at the different motivations that were behind the French Revolution and the American Revolution.


http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/4908


Of course, natural rights such as life, liberty and property - would be understood through reason and intelligence but that doesn't mean they wouldn't be existent if they're not understood!

Deep down, one would know if his rights are being violated even if he lacks understanding. He may not realize it's his natural right, but he knows that he's being treated unfairly or being violated.
 
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Empathy is associated with the animals with more sophisticated brains. It probably did evolve.


Why does it have to evolve?

Empathy could also have been with them all this time, along with whatever feelings they might also possess!
 
No.

This should be interesting.





You said:

If two people hold differing moral standards and both claim that their standard, based on their understanding of their God/religion is objective, how do we decide who is right?


So how come many muslims are not terrorists?

Because deep down, they know terrorism is wrong! And they couldn't bring themselves to commit that act!
They've instinctively held fast to that objective moral value that's been given to us.
 
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I suggest you read the author an the expert on human development, Kagan. The human mind can develop in an infinite amount of ways. It is in Eric Fromm's view, which coincides with what science is saying, that culture has the most impact on our development (thus values and morals). A big part of a society's culture is the economy. Culture affects how we act at home, and thus parenting. One people in village A will have different values than village or city B. As one way to look at it, the human mind can develop in an infinite amount of ways. Culture actually inhibits certain pathways, and the remaining pathways is the development of our human mind.

But there is also a basic question. If you were to read a book on ethics you still wouldn't know the answer:

Morally, what is wrong and what is right? You can come up with many possible ways to systemically determine what is wrong and right. There is no "right" answer. We can develop in an infinite amount of ways, and it is the values and morals of society that have a massive impact on how we think and behave. One way to think about it is Fruedian. If society is different, then I would have a different superego. Which means, the ego would be expressed in different ways, resulting in different behaviors and thoughts.

We can attempt, humanity, to explain what is right and wrong. We can attempt to create a system that determines what is right and wrong. However philosophers have been exploring this idea since Ancient Greece, and just like many things in philosophy, there is no definitive answer.
 
I guess you didnt read post 108
Is slavery moral?

I've already answered a post that brought up Biblical slavery! In Biblical times, slavery wasn't like the kind we've got in modern times. In Biblical times, it was the norm for people to voluntarily "sign up" for slavery that they can be cared for by their masters, and to indenture themselves to pay their debts.
There are laws/provisions in the Scriptures to protect slaves/indentured servants.

The Scriptures does not sanction HUMAN TRAFFICKING! I've already explained about this extensively in another topic way back!
Bringing up slavery is a strawman. :roll:
 

Yes you don't need to know why a mountain exists, but you have to know what a mountain is.
 
Why does it have to evolve?

Empathy could also have been with them all this time, along with whatever feelings they might also possess!

Characteristics of lifeforms that improve the odds of survival and/or reproduction are more likely to be passed on to their offspring, and over time, become more common. Empathy appears to help many species of animals live and work together, increasing their chances for survival. It probably helps with hunting also. Empathy isn't just a feeling, it requires significant brain processing power to make an educated guess about what another is thinking/feeling, which is why I doubt that it exists among creatures with much simpler brains.
 

That was just 1 way someone could become a slave in biblical times (note when we say biblical times I assume we are talking not only of the era but the society, there were lots of other societies all over the world that were different)
People could also become slaves by being born into it or captured in war etc etc...

The Scriptures does not sanction HUMAN TRAFFICKING! I've already explained about this extensively in another topic way back!
Bringing up slavery is a strawman. :roll:
The scriptures DO sanction slavery.


I ask again, IS SLAVERY MORAL??????
 

"..In the Ancient Near East, captives obtained through warfare were often compelled to become slaves, and this was seen by the law code of Deuteronomy as a legitimate form of enslavement, as long as Israelites were not among the victims;[17] the Deuteronomic Code institutes the death penalty for the crime of kidnapping Israelites to enslave them.[18]..... The Holiness Code of Leviticus explicitly allows participation in the slave trade,[20] with non-Israelite residents who had been sold into slavery being regarded as a type of property that could be inherited.[20] Foreign residents were included in this permission, and were allowed to own Israelite slaves.[21]

It was also possible to be born into slavery.[20] ....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery
 
It was already explained.
Either you are deliberately and falsely claiming ignorance or you are incapable of understanding anything outside of your own "framework" of thought.
 
Yes you don't need to know why a mountain exists, but you have to know what a mountain is.

Uh-huh. Just like people can and do understand what is right without understanding why. You asked "why" and I am pointing out that it's not necessarily relevant to whether a person knows what is.
 

ASSUMPTIONS!

could be. more likely. probably. must've. could've.



Empathy isn't just a feeling, it requires significant brain processing power to make an educated guess about what another is thinking/feeling,
:roll:

Everything we do requires some amount of brain processing!

You feel empathy because you've had similar experiences, and thus you know, or you have an idea what that person is going through!
You'd choked before....so you know how choking feels like. You know how a choking person must feel. That's all there is to it. :lol:
 
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