From OP's artiticle "The most significant variable is socioeconomic status, followed by the neighborhood, the psychological quality of the home environment, and the support of physical health provided..."
socioeconomic status-We should end the practice of funding schools with local property taxes and instead fund schools based on need. Schools with low income students, high crime rates in the community and many students with non-English speaking familys should get more funding not less, as is curently done.
the neighborhood-Same as above, plus provide resources to address the student's trauma and stress from unstable homes, crime and poverty. Implement longer school days so kids are kept away from neighborhood temptations. Replace homework with supervised and assisted goal oriented work periods to reduce the influence of home life on the student's abilities.
psychological quality of the home environment-Again, eliminate homework, lengthen the school day and provide resources to address the student's mental health and amount of stress.
support of physical health-Provide healthy and good tasting breakfasts and lunches and have healthy snacks available. Provide more recreational/fitness breaks with both structured activities and free time. Provide resources for a greater range of physical actitivities such as making and fixing things, biking, skateboarding, and other types of play.
Schools compete with mobile devices, TV, computers, video games etc for student's attention. They need to improve the entertainment quality of presentations with engaging teachers, use of video and computer presentations and more interactivity. When leaning is done by choice by consenting adults who are seeking knowledge and skills rather than a degree, we use those techniques (example: TED talks). Children, with their shorter attention spans, deserve nothing less.
Schools also need to reexamine their priorities. After the basics are taught, the emphasis should be on teaching people to enjoy learning and how to teach themsleves. Education should be a lifetime experience and students with problems should experience delays at times, but not failure. K-12 and community colleges should be integrated so certification can be modular and not time sensitive, so that a student good in one area, but having trouble in another area can use their strengths and concentrate on their deficiencies. Returning to school to address past delays should not be difficult or stigmatized as a sign of failure for anyone at any age. For example an 18 year old student good at math, but with an incomplete education in history should have certificates in the areas where they have reached a defined level of proficiency and the ability to take more classes in history later rather than simply flunking out of high school and having to repeat a K-12 grade with redundant classes.
Yes, these measure will cost more, but the future savings in welfare, law enforcement/incarceration and mental health costs will be sufficiently reduced to offset the investment.