400+ Protesters Arrested at DC Captitol

[Master PO]

I was thinking you might refer to that. What you might be missing is that Hamilton and or Madison is referring to the comparison of Athens and Sparta's government models to what they propose to be Americas.
here is the line --
"The true distinction between these and the American governments, lies IN THE TOTAL EXCLUSION OF THE PEOPLE, IN THEIR COLLECTIVE CAPACITY, from any share in the LATTER, and not in the TOTAL EXCLUSION OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE from the administration of the FORMER. "

So they are saying that Athens and Sparta excluded the collective capacity of the people.

Athens was a democracy, Sparta was a oligarchy, ..........the u.s. before the 17th is a mixed government - federalist 40

in our pre17th mixed government their is only an element of democracy the house which is collective, the senate is not a collective body, because it represents the state legislatures.

 

[Master PO]

the senate represents the state legislatures, to protect states powers from federal government usurpation -- It is recommended by the double advantage of favoring a select appointment, and of giving to the State governments such an agency in the formation of the federal government as must secure the authority of the former, and may form a convenient link between the two systems.

the senate acts against unconstitutional legislation of the house, because the senate represents the states -- Another advantage accruing from this ingredient in the constitution of the Senate is, the additional impediment it must prove against improper acts of legislation. No law or resolution can now be passed without the concurrence, first, of a majority of the people, and then, of a majority of the States.