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Given the thread title, I won't even bother to read this because an amendment ratified by the people is not a "fraud on the people."
Just...
:doh
PS: Sorry that it bothers you so much that the right to the equal protection of the laws is applicable to the states
The fourteenth and sixteen amendment were government power grabs.
14th reduces the power of government
He's just really mad that equal protection applies to more than just race.
He might be mad about it applying to race also, but I can't speak to that.
Neither of you can be bothered with facts can you? What about just sticking to the OP, were they passed legally... or not?Given the thread title, I won't even bother to read this because an amendment ratified by the people is not a "fraud on the people."
Just...
:doh
PS: Sorry that it bothers you so much that the right to the equal protection of the laws is applicable to the states
Neither of you can be bothered with facts can you? What about just sticking to the OP, were they passed legally... or not? .
Yes, but was it legally passed and therefore its use is legal, for whatever uses... or should it be considered, based on the facts, a non amendment therefore void?14th reduces the power of government
I think you are looking for the CT forum
Yes, but was it legally passed and therefore its use is legal, for whatever uses... or should it be considered, based on the facts, a non amendment therefore void?
Maybe, since there have been so many laws that have been adjudicated based on these false amendments, we should sunset them all for some date in the future and phase them out... or keep them, based on current correct law and Constitution.
Yes, but was it legally passed and therefore its use is legal, for whatever uses... or should it be considered, based on the facts, a non amendment therefore void?
It doesn't reduce the power of government. What two rationalizations did the court use to support the civil rights act that restricted the rights of property owners? The commerce clause and the equal protection clause.
It denies the government the power of unequal protection.
Thanks. Its right here right now, have an opinion?
Actually Ohio rejected it on Jan 16, 1868 [House Journal 1868, pp. 44-50 -- Senate Journal 1868, pp. 33-38.] and New Jersey on March 24, 1868 [.Minutes of the Assembly 1868, p. 743---Senate Journal 1868, p. 356.]New Jersey and Ohio did ratify the amendment, making the required 28 states.
Why, is it interfering with your reception you get with new aluminum foil?That you should get the tin foil off your head.
Actually Ohio rejected it on Jan 16, 1868 [House Journal 1868, pp. 44-50 -- Senate Journal 1868, pp. 33-38.] and New Jersey on March 24, 1868 [.Minutes of the Assembly 1868, p. 743---Senate Journal 1868, p. 356.]
The New Jersey Legislature by Resolution of March 27, 1868, protested as follows:
"The said proposed amendment not having yet received the assent the three-fourths of the states, which is necessary to make it valid, the natural and constitutional right of this state to withdraw its assent is undeniable ".
"That it being necessary by the constitution that every amendment to the same should be proposed by two-thirds of both houses of congress, the authors of said proposition, for the purpose of securing the assent of the requisite majority, determined to, and did, exclude from the said two houses eighty representatives from eleven states of the union, upon the pretence that there were no such states in the Union: but, finding that two-thirds of the remainder of the said houses could not be brought to assent to the said proposition, they deliberately formed and carried out the design of mutilating the integrity of the United States senate, and without any pretext or justification, other than the possession of the power, without the right, and in palpable violation of the constitution, ejected a member of their own body, representing this state, and thus practically denied to New Jersey its equal suffrage in the senate, and thereby nominally secured the vote of two-thirds of the said houses."[New Jersey Acts, March 27, 1868.]
Sorry, no go.
As indicated in the passage, without the necessary votes to ratify yet, they had an undeniable right to withdraw their affirmative ratification vote.The rejected it after ratifying it.
Given the thread title, I won't even bother to read this because an amendment ratified by the people is not a "fraud on the people."
Just...
:doh
PS: Sorry that it bothers you so much that the right to the equal protection of the laws is applicable to the states
Why, is it interfering with your reception you get with new aluminum foil?
Get out of here if you got nothing more to add than pablum. Go, get.
US v Thomas said:Thomas insists, repeating the argument of W. Benson & M. Beckman, The Law That Never Was (1985). Benson and Beckman review the documents concerning the states' ratification of the sixteenth amendment and conclude that only four states ratified the sixteenth amendment; they insist that the official promulgation of that amendment by Secretary of State Knox in 1913 is therefore void.
Benson and Beckman did not discover anything; they rediscovered something that Secretary Knox considered in 1913. Thirty-eight states ratified the sixteenth amendment, and thirty-seven sent formal instruments of ratification to the Secretary of State. (Minnesota notified the Secretary orally, and additional states ratified later; we consider only those Secretary Knox considered.) Only four instruments repeat the language of the sixteenth amendment exactly as Congress approved it. The others contain errors of diction, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. The text Congress transmitted to the states was: "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration." Many of the instruments neglected to capitalize "States," and some capitalized other words instead. The instrument from Illinois had "remuneration" in place of "enumeration"; the instrument from Missouri substituted "levy" for "lay"; the instrument from Washington had "income" not "incomes"; others made similar blunders.
Thomas insists that because the states did not approve exactly the same text, the amendment did not go into effect. Secretary Knox considered this argument. The Solicitor of the Department of State drew up a list of the errors in the instruments and — taking into account both the triviality of the deviations and the treatment of earlier amendments that had experienced more substantial problems — advised the Secretary that he was authorized to declare the amendment adopted. The Secretary did so.
Although Thomas urges us to take the view of several state courts that only agreement on the literal text may make a legal document effective, the Supreme Court follows the "enrolled bill rule." If a legislative document is authenticated in regular form by the appropriate officials, the court treats that document as properly adopted. Field v. Clark, 143 U.S. 649, 36 L.Ed. 294, 12 S.Ct. 495 (1892). The principle is equally applicable to constitutional amendments. See Leser v. Garnett, 258 U.S. 130, 66 L.Ed. 505, 42 S.Ct. 217 (1922), which treats as conclusive the declaration of the Secretary of State that the nineteenth amendment had been adopted. In United States v. Foster, 789 F.2d. 457, 462-463, n.6 (7th Cir. 1986), we relied on Leser, as well as the inconsequential nature of the objections in the face of the 73-year acceptance of the effectiveness of the sixteenth amendment, to reject a claim similar to Thomas's. See also Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433, 83 L. Ed. 1385, 59 S. Ct. 972 (1939) (questions about ratification of amendments may be nonjusticiable). Secretary Knox declared that enough states had ratified the sixteenth amendment. The Secretary's decision is not transparently defective. We need not decide when, if ever, such a decision may be reviewed in order to know that Secretary Knox's decision is now beyond review.
US v Benson said:Benson knew or had reason to know that his statements were false or fraudulent. 26 U.S.C. § 6700(a)(2)(A). Benson's claim to have discovered that the Sixteenth Amendment was not ratified has been rejected by this Court in Benson's own criminal appeal. United States v. Benson, 941 F.2d 598, 607 (7th Cir.1991) (“In Thomas, we specifically examined the arguments made in The Law That Never Was, and concluded that ‘Benson ․ did not discover anything.’ ” (quoting United States v. Thomas, 788 F.2d 1250, 1253 (7th Cir.1986))). “[W]e have repeatedly rejected the claim that the Sixteenth Amendment was improperly ratified. One would think this repeated rejection of Benson's Sixteenth Amendment argument would put the matter to rest.”
14th reduces the power of government
So you are not for looking into anything for yourself, if the government says its so, bow down and worship eh?There is nothing to add your argument has no merit
The argument was even called a fraud in 2007 and again in 2009
wrong, it grants a new power to the federal government to write federal legislation
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