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I’d say the greatest economic collapse in world history was the Great Bullion Famine of the 15th century. As mines ran dry, gold and silver ores all but disappeared and coins could no longer be minted. The monetary systems of Europe collapsed, trade with it, and Western Civilization was forced to revert to barter economies.
This was resolved in the mid-16th century by discovery and exploration of the New World and importation of gold and silver from the conquest of Central and South America.
This was resolved in the mid-16th century by discovery and exploration of the New World and importation of gold and silver from the conquest of Central and South America.