CMOS have various tranches with varying level of risk and therefore could be rated differently. Most CMO's had nothing to do with "misleading investors". And regardless of whether or not the bank was shorting the product, complete information about the product was provided, in nearly all instances, to the investor. The investor simply didn't look through it and trusted the rating. Further, excluding limited cases of fraud, the ratings agencies provided ratings on these products based on past performance, which is the exact same reason investors were gobbling them up (their interpretation of past performance, not simply ratings) and why everyone was so eager to get into the market throughout the entire process.
A bubble is based on a belief of unending increase in value. This is what happened in the tech bubble and this is also what happened with the mortgage bubble.
I agree with all of that, but I don't agree with this:
Everyone believed prices would just keep going up indefinitely: banks, the government, home buyers, lenders, investors, securitizers.
It's entirely possible that home buyers believed that prices would keep going up indefinitely, but I really don't think that banks, most lenders, and securitizers believed that. The lower level guys probably just believed whatever they were told, or at least pretended to believe it (as such belief justified their actions and thus became rationalizations for screwing people just to make a fast buck), but those who had years of experience in economics/finance/investments couldn't have believed it.
I don't believe that bubbles grow bigger forever, and I'm just the village idiot. Did you believe that? So why would the wise CEO's and top executives on Wall Street believe that? Are you suggesting that just an ordinary shmuck like myself is actually smarter than the multimillion dollar a year CEO's on Wall Street?
My first introduction to anything about investments or economics was when I followed the gold and silver bubble during the late 1970's ( I was still in grade school, but for some reason it peaked my interest). I followed the prices up to amazing levels, and then back down to amazingly low levels. I was a just an ordinary teenager and discovered that bubbles happen, and pop.
Then around 1998-2000, I had an employee who would constantly threaten to quit her $12/hr job because she claimed that she was making more money as an investor than she did with her employment. And again, I watched the NASDEX bubble grow and pop.
Around 2004 or 05, my aunt in Cape Coral was telling me that she was going to get rich just by owning real estate there. Every month it was a story about how her net worth had grown by $50,000 in just one month. I kept asking her how it was possible that prices would continue going up that fast, because eventually no one would want to live their or be able to afford a house, and she just kept telling me that she didn't care why or how it was happening, but that she was just enjoying getting rich. A few years later, she was stuck with 5 houses that were worth less than $100k each, yet she had paid over a half million each (and at one point were worth upwards of a million bucks each on paper). She had lost every penny that she ever made, and probably then some.
Surely someone making millions of dollars on Wall Street with an Ivy League MBA could see exactly what I saw.
Or maybe I am just unusually brilliant.