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The OLR will continue to increase the warmer our planet gets. It is basic high school science. How much more it would be increasing without CO2 is determined by our energy balance numbers. We are way out of whack with our energy balance. It is a key indicator of AGW.The 22 years between 2000 and 2022 are important because it is the only period we had the capability to measure the energy paths in and out of Earth! Before that it was just speculation from half measures. What is unknown is if added CO2 ever reduced the OLR!
Here are some key numbers related to Earth's energy balance:
- Incoming Solar Radiation:
- Total Solar Irradiance (TSI): The average solar energy at the top of the atmosphere is about 1,360 watts per square meter (W/m²).
- Average Incoming Solar Radiation: Averaged over the globe, this is approximately 340 W/m².
- Fate of Incoming Radiation: Roughly 29-30% is reflected back into space by clouds, bright surfaces, and the atmosphere. Around 23% is absorbed by the atmosphere, while about 47-48% is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
- Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation (Heat):
- Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR): Earth emits thermal infrared radiation back into space.
- Atmospheric Emission: The atmosphere radiates a significant portion of this energy back into space.
- Surface Emission (Net): The net upward radiation from the surface is reduced by the greenhouse effect.
- Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI):
- Definition: The EEI is the difference between incoming and outgoing energy.
- Recent Values: The Earth has a positive energy imbalance, meaning it's accumulating energy. Values for recent periods include approximately +0.76 ± 0.2 W/m² (2006-2020) and 0.90 ± 0.15 W/m² (2005-2019). Data for 2011-2023 suggests a value around 0.96 [0.67 to 1.26] W/m².
- Storage of Excess Heat:
- Oceans: Over 90 percent of the excess energy since 1970 is stored in the ocean.
- Other Components: The remaining heat is stored in the land, ice, and atmosphere.