The template for the law in question was the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act, which allows private citizens to bring a fraud case and collect a bounty.
Madison referred to, "the whole number of souls" in the nation.
That does not refute Madison's argument in Federalist 46 or any of my earlier statements.
"Let a regular army, fully equal to the resources of the country be formed; and let it be entirely at the devotion of the federal government; still it would not be going too far to say, that the state governments with the people on their side would be able to repel the danger. The highest number to which, according to the best computation, a standing army can be carried in any country, does not exceed one hundredth part of the whole number of souls; or one twenty-fifth part of the number able to bear arms. This proportion would not yield in the United States an army of more than twenty-five or thirty thousand men. To these would be opposed a militia amounting to near half a million of citizens with arms in their hands, officered by men chosen from among themselves, fighting for their common liberties, and united and conducted by governments possessing their affections and confidence. It may well be doubted whether a militia thus circumstanced could ever be conquered by such a proportion of regular troops. " --
Federalist 46
While Madison is assuming a functional militia system with the state governments directing their operations against a tyrannical federal government, before you respond you would do well to read Federalist 28 where a popular citizen operation against government is contemplated when there is no militia organization.
"If the representatives of the people betray their constituents, there is then no resource left but in the exertion of that original right of self-defence, which is paramount to all positive forms of government; and which, against the usurpations of the national rulers, may be exerted with infinitely better prospect of success, than against those of the rulers of an individual State. In a single State, if the persons entrusted with supreme power became usurpers, the different parcels, subdivisions or districts, of which it consists, having no distinct government in each, can take no regular measures for defence. The citizens must rush tumultuously to arms, without concert, without system, without resource; except in their courage and despair. --
Federalist 28
Success is not guaranteed nor is any immunity from prosecution for insurrection / sedition noted or extended. All that is contemplated is the original right to self defense, even against one's government, even when there is no reasonable expectation of winning.
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