They did not invent everything but they contributed significant parts of it. That was not their only accomplishment, they also made advances in medicine, literature, etc.
You know these things: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. Guess where they are form.
They made advances in medicine, literature, etc?
Really?
The 27th century BC medicine of Imhotep is far more advance and original than the so-called "medicine" of muslim founder mohammed the snake-oil salesman. Even the 4th century BC medicine of Hippocrates, which later follows by Galen, far outweigh mohammed's voodoo fix. And before mohammed was yet born and there was yet such thing as "islam" or "muslims", Syriac
Christians, such as Sergius of Resh' Aina (Ra's al-Ain), who studied medicine in Alexandria before his death in 532 AD, had already translated some 26 of Galen's books and other Greek medical corpus into Syraic. They also founded many medical schools in Persia, one of which that was founded in 555 AD, the great medical school of Jundishapur, was in what is now the south-east Iran. While the ancient medical science was marching on, the first muslim, i.e. mohammed, wasn't born until 570 AD.
Let's see what the founder of islam teaches in the field of medicine:
Sahih Bukhari 4:54:537
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said "If a house fly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink), for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease."
Sahih Bukhari 7:71:621
The Prophet said, "Fever is from the heat of Hell, so abate fever with water."
Sahih Bukhari 7:71:590
The climate of Medina did not suit some people, so the Prophet ordered them to follow his shepherd, i.e. his camels, and drink their milk and urine (as a medicine). So they followed the shepherd that is the camels and drank their milk and urine till their bodies became healthy.
Abu Dawud 1:66
Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): Can we perform ablution out of the well of Buda'ah, which is a well into which menstrual clothes, dead dogs and stinking things were thrown? He replied: Water is pure and is not defiled by anything.
Sahih Bukhari 7:71:614
Narrated Abu Said: A man came to the prophet and said, 'My brother has got loose motions. The Prophet said, Let him drink honey." The man again (came) and said, 'I made him drink (honey) but that made him worse.' The Prophet said, 'Allah has said the Truth, and the abdomen of your brother has told a lie."
Sahih Bukhari 7:65:366
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet said, 'When you eat, do not wipe your hands till you have licked it, or had it licked by somebody else."
Sahih Bukhari 9:87:115
Narrated Abu Qatada: The Prophet said, "A good dream that comes true is from Allah, and a bad dream is from Satan, so if anyone of you sees a bad dream, he should seek refuge with Allah from Satan and should spit on the left, for the bad dream will not harm him."
Sahih Bukhari 1:4:139
Narrated 'Abbas bin Tamim: My uncle asked Allah's Apostle about a person who imagined to have passed wind during the prayer. Allah' Apostle replied: "He should not leave his prayers unless he hears sound or smells something."
Ibn Sa'd's Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Volume 8, Page 200
Waqidi said: “The prophet of Allah used to say that I was among those who have little strength for intercourse. Then Allah sent me a pot with cooked meat. After I ate from it, I found strength any time I wanted to do the work.”
Sahih Muslim 23:5022
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: None of you should drink while standing; and if anyone forgets, he must vomit.
Quran 76:2
We create man from a drop of thickened fluid.
Quran 86:6-7
He is created from a drop emitted - proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.