Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac[1] (about 1630,
Sainte-Radegonde, Gironde – 10 May 1704) was a career soldier in the
French army under King
Louis XIV and war minister
Louvois during the
Nine Years' War.
He became notorious for mercilessly and brutally executing the French policy of devastating the enemy's lands rather than seeking major military engagements. The southwestern part of
Germany—the
Palatinate, the
Margraviate of
Baden, and the
Duchy of Württemberg—especially suffered from Mélac's execution of Louvois's order,
"brûlez le Palatinat!" (
French:
"Burn the Palatinate down!").
[2] Under his command, numerous German towns and villages were set on fire and the livelihood of the population was destroyed. In present southwestern Germany, Mélac's name became a synonym for "
murderer and
arsonist". As a lasting result, until today, "Mélac" has also been turned into a common dog's name in this part of Germany. "Lack[e]l" (i.e. "oaf", if translated friendly) is a swearword common to the day in almost all of southern Germany and said to be derived from "Melac" as its diminutive.
The General is considered the godfather of the
French–German enmity that ultimately contributed to causing the two
World Wars