Professional flight instructors are highly trained individuals. They hold vast amounts of knowledge acquired through their own training and their own experiences. Having a well-founded basis of knowledge is critical to being an effective instructor. However, if that highly trained and knowledgeable instructor is unable to convey that knowledge to a student, then he or she is ineffective as a flight instructor, regardless of knowledge and expertise.
Teaching is an art. It requires not just an understanding of the subject, but also an understanding of how people think and learn; it requires a certain amount of psychological understanding. Virtually all instructors took coursework in the Fundamentals of Instruction, which offers a basic theoretical framework for the teaching and learning process. In addition, it is important to understand that flight instruction is fundamentally a "people skill." Flight instructors should present themselves in a professional manner. Nothing will destroy a student's dream of becoming a pilot quicker than an unprofessional instructor. They should be friendly, not bossy, should treat their students as equals not as subordinates, be able to recognize the signs of boredom and frustration and know how to deal with them. Instructors should be able to quickly recognize when they themselves become frustrated with students who may not be progressing as they think they should and know how to deal with it.
Aside from being a teacher, an instructor must also be a coach. A coach, beyond anything else, is a motivator and mentor. An instructor can demonstrate their coaching skills by supporting their students in all aspects of their training. From ground school to flight training, to solo flight and beyond, an instructor must do everything possible to keep their students striving to attain their dreams. As a coach, an instructor sets the goals and standards, identifies areas of improvement, develops a plan that will achieve the goal, and then observes and guides the student as they practice. In coaching their students, an instructor does not allow bad habits to form, and is quick to reward their students for good performance and recognize the hazards and risks associated with poor performance. (emphasis added)