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The preservation of life, health, self-determination, and autonomy are not absolute. Rights such as autonomy need to be balanced against the rights of others. For instance, a person's right to autonomy does not permit them to harm another individual without justification. In this case, the fetus is harmed by abortion and the right to autonomy ends. The autonomy to swing one's fist ends at another's nose.To preserve their own life, health, self-determination, and autonomy.
Now...why shouldnt they?
The absence of moral agency and self-determination doesn't negate the fetus's right to life or justify abortion solely on these grounds. The argument that the unborn does not have moral agency, self-determination, or the capacity for due process, and therefore should not be accorded these rights, overlooks an important consideration: potentiality. Just as we protect the rights of newborns who also lack moral agency and self-determination, similar protections should be given to the unborn based on their potential to develop these attributes.The unborn has none of those things. And why should it be accorded them when they can only be exercised at the sacrifice and expense of the woman's? Why should its needs supersede the woman's?
You ask why the needs of the unborn should supersede those of the woman but it’s not a matter of one set of needs unilaterally superseding the other. Instead it’s about balancing rights of BOTH the mother and the fetus.
You stated that the woman is actualized and contributing to society, whereas the fetus may not live to be born or may be born severely defective. If we adopted this utilitarian view, we should justify valuing the lives of the disabled, elderly, or those temporarily unable to contribute less. A handicap person does not contribute to society but instead is a parasite, does that justify cutting them off or killing them?Because the woman is actualized and already doing/can do all those things. Already contributing. Already invested in society/society is invested in her. The unborn may not live to be born and may be born severely defective, it potentially may never achieve those things. It is the poorer investment by society and as such, legitimately not the ethical individual to protect. The woman is the better investment and the govt is obligated to protect her and her rights.
I also believe it is immoral to unnecessarily impose pain and suffering on an individual in order to force them to concede their rights and even life to the govt. The unborn suffer nothing. Do you believe it's moral to demand a woman suffer thru pregnancy and childbirth against her will, risking death or health complications? Where is her consent as an individual? Is she a slave of the state?
I value the born but I value all born people more and in no way believe it's moral to allow the unborn's potential to those things you listed to supersede the woman's rights and her actually living and exercising of those things.
The principle of minimizing suffering and protecting individual rights is important but it must be applied consistently across all ethical situations. Imagine a scenario where an individual is causing significant pain and suffering to another person through continuous harassment/emotional distress. While we recognize the suffering of the victim, we do not justify murdering the perpetrator to alleviate that suffering. The response to suffering must be proportional and ethical. In the case of abortion, the suffering of the mother does not automatically justify ending the life of the fetus.
The fetus’s right to life, inherent capacity for moral agency, self-determination, and due process are actualized from the moment of conception and not potential.