Federal judges job is to ensure the constitutionality of actions of any administration. Tariffs, whether to impose them or not is an action belonging to congress, section 8, Article I. Now congress did give the president authority to impose Tariffs under the following laws passed by congress.
Trade Expansion Act of 1962:
This Act, particularly Section 232, authorized the president to adjust imports, including through tariffs, if they were found to threaten national security.
Trade Act of 1974:
This Act granted the president broad authority to negotiate trade agreements and adjust tariffs, as well as mechanisms to protect U.S. industries. Section 122 of the Trade Act also allowed for temporary tariffs to address "large and serious United States balance-of-payments deficits".
Section 301:
Section 301(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 also gave the president broad authority to take action, including retaliatory tariffs, against foreign practices that are unjustified, unreasonable, or discriminatory and burden U.S. commerce.
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA):
This law, passed in 1977, also provides the president with broad authority to address international economic emergencies, including through the imposition of tariffs.
Judges have the authority, power to ensure any administration hasn’t overstepped the above authority granted to the president. Overstepping would be unconstitution.