Mysterious 2017 radioactive cloud over Europe originated in Russia, researchers say

[Rogue Valley]

Mysterious 2017 radioactive cloud over Europe originated in Russia, researchers say

A team of scientists has pinpointed the source of the leak to a nuclear reprocessing plant in Russia.

Sign warns people not to enter the town of Ozersk, Russia, which is near the Mayak nuclear facility.

7/29/19
BERLIN — An international team of researchers has traced an unusual 2017 radioactive release that blanketed a large part of Europe to Russia. The cloud was not harmful outside of Russia, according to the paper published in scientific journal PNAS, but researchers said there may have been a more serious fallout in the direct proximity of the release site. Russian authorities had repeatedly denied responsibility for the release of the ruthenium-106 isotopes, and the delay in identifying the suspected origin site has robbed scientists of crucial evidence it would need to help prevent another massive leak. “The published data is not sufficient to establish the location (country) of the pollution source,” state-owned Russian nuclear energy corporation Rosatom said at the time. Instead, Russian officials suggested a reentered satellite may have burned and released the isotopes. But it is now “without question” that the release occurred in Russia, said German radio-ecology researcher Georg Steinhauser, who was part of the international team that analyzed 1,300 data points for the study. The nuclear release most likely originated in the Mayak reprocessing plant in the Chelyabinsk region near the border with Kazakhstan, the report stated.

Steinhauser and others said that Russia’s refusal to take responsibility for the nuclear release remains troublesome, even if nobody was harmed. Scientists rely on rapid evidence gathering after such an event to help formulate plans that could prevent a similar occurrence elsewhere. Austrian researchers first raised alarms on Oct. 3, 2017, when they detected unusually high radiation levels in the central European nation — thousands of miles away from the Mayak reprocessing plant. German scientists noticed a similar uptick almost at the same time. For weeks, the nuclear cloud hovered across parts of Europe, with radiation levels fluctuating before they eventually returned to normal levels. French and German authorities soon confirmed Russia as the likely point of release. In 1957, the Mayak plant — which Steinhauser said is used for military and civilian purposes — contaminated tens of thousands people after a storage tank exploded. In 2004, the plant was again in the headlines after nuclear waste was dumped into a nearby river. The 2017 incident has triggered memories of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine — at the time part of the Soviet Union — in 1986. Soviet officials initially remained silent. When Swedish researchers first raised alarms, the Soviet Union continued to frame the warnings as Western propaganda.

As is always the case with nuclear materials, Kremlin officials deny any incident and refuse any responsibility. The Mayak Production Association was formally known as Chelyabinsk-40 and later as Chelyabinsk-65, a closed nuclear facility located near Ozersk, Russia and close to the border with Kazakhstan. Russia's nuclear weapons were fabricated here and tested in northern Kazakhstan. Today the plant reprocesses spent nuclear fuel and makes tritium and radioisotopes. The Mayak nuclear facility has had numerous accidents during its 70 year history.

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