Chihuahua. Like the Mexican state:
Chihuahua (state) - Wikipedia
The fixation index (FST) between humans is ~0.12 - 0.15 and for canines it's ~ 0.23 - 0.33. Depending on the sample and the sample size. (A value of 1 is complete heterozygosity and a value of 1 is complete homozygosity.)
Fixation index - Wikipedia
Analysis of Genetic Variation in 28 Dog Breed Populations With 100 Microsatellite Markers
....
Canines are more genetically diverse than humans... which is pretty reasonable. We've been selecting dogs and forcing genetic changes in them.
I agree on the humorous spelling correction, BUT,
Dogs are only one subspecies/race of Grey Wolves AND....
https://lesacreduprintemps19.files....-taxonomic-diversity-and-its-implications.pdf
"Based on Table 2, it is evident that the ‘H. sapiens as monotypic species’ theory is Inconsistent with the way in which taxonomic classification has been employed for other species exhibiting similar degrees of heterozygosity. Chimpanzees for example exhibit very similar degrees of observed heterozygosity to humans (0.63–0.73 vs. 0.588–0.807) yet have been divided into 4 subspecies.
(the above was my sig until yesterday for two months)
cont'd
Some species such as the grey wolf actually exhibit Lower levels of observed heterozygosity than humans (0.528 vs. 0.588– 0.807) yet have been divided into as many as 37 subspecies.
When measures of genetic distance are used such as Wright’s FsT, which describes the fraction of the variation attributable to population subdivision, values indicative of Great levels of genetic differentiation have been obtained for humans (0.156) based on analysis of autosomal loci [39] (great levels of genetic differentiation correspond to values of between 0.15 and 0.25 [40]).
This contrasts with scores indicative of little to moderate levels of genetic differentiation in other animals (again obtained looking at autosomal loci), such as the Canadian lynx (0.033) [28], which is recognized as having 3 subspecies, and the African buffalo (0.059) [24], which is recognized as having 5 subspecies.
A relevant question to ask at this stage is How Many subspecies comprise H. sapiens? Traditionally, anthropologists have recognized 4 great races on morphological grounds (Congoid or ‘Negroid’, Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Australoid) with Capoid (SE Africans) sometimes described as a fifth [41].
Molecular data have resulted in this structure being modified slightly with the analysis of classical and other genetic markers consistently revealing the presence of around 5 continental populations (major clades or races) in the form of SubSaharan Africans, Caucasians (European and Non-European), NE (Greater) Asians, SE Asians and Pacific Islanders (includes Australopapuans) and Amerindians [42–45]. Subspecies identified cladistically not only compliment the definition of race as correlation structure, but also present an adequate solution to the problem of arbitrariness in traditional taxonomic approaches to the classifi- cation of human racial diversity [45,46]."
In Fact, to be consistent!
"...Table 4 would seem to suggest that the Sub-Saharan African (Bantu) and Australopapuan (Aborigine) genetic difference as measured by SNP’s is greater than the genetic distance between both the two species of gorilla (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei), and greater than the distance between the common chimpanzee and the bonobo as measured by mtDNA.
On the basis of this Fuerle suggests that there are only two consistent courses of action to take regarding re-classification – splitting or lumping. Either H. sapiens could be split into two species – Homo africanus which would encompass modern African populations and Homo eurasianensis which would encompass Eurasian populations; making the genus Homo consistent in his view, species-wise with respect to other genera in which the differences between species are expressed in terms of much smaller genetic distances; or alternatively the genetic variability within the human species could be used to typologically define the absolute limits of what constitutes a vertebrate species, which could then be employed as a taxonomic baseline in the classification of other species. This would mean lumping the two gorilla species and the chimpanzee and the bonobo as single species."..
The Study goes on to say humans having different Species is a probably bit too far to reach. But as to whether we have subspecies/Race.. it's a No-Brainer: we have many.
