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Effectiveness Of Spanking
While spanking may relieve a parent's frustration and stop misbehavior briefly, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (1995), researchers suggest that spanking may be the least effective discipline method. To test this hypothesis, researchers surveyed parents, with the assumption that if spanking worked, children who were spanked would learn to behave better over time so that they would need punishing less frequently (Leach, 1996). However, the results showed that families who start spanking before their children are a year old are just as likely to spank their 4-year-old children as often as families who do not start spanking until later. Thus, children appear not to be learning the lessons parents are trying to teach by spanking.
Spanking may be ineffective because it does not teach an alternative behavior (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1995). In fact, children usually feel resentful, humiliated, and helpless after being spanked (Samalin & Whitney, 1995). The primary lesson they learn appears to be that they should try harder not to get caught.
Spanking also sends the wrong message to children (Samalin & Whitney, 1995). Spanking communicates that hitting is an acceptable way to solve problems, and that it is all right for a big person to strike a smaller one. In addition, when children are spanked, they may know that they have done something wrong, but in many cases, they are too young to understand the lesson. It is a very difficult message for any adult or child to understand: "I hurt you because I don't want you hurt."
Finally, when spanking is the primary discipline method used, it may have some potentially harmful long-term effects such as increasing the chances of misbehavior, aggression, violent or criminal behavior; impaired learning; and depression (Straus, 1995).
The Debate over Spanking
Positive Punishment: Definition and ExamplesSpanking as Positive Punishment
While positive punishment can be effective in some situations, B.F. Skinner noted that its use must be weighed against any potential negative effects. One of the best-known examples of positive punishment is spanking. Defined as striking a child across the buttocks with an open hand, this form of discipline is reportedly used by approximately 75 percent of parents in the United States.
Some researchers have suggested that mild, occasional spanking is not harmful, especially when used in conjunction with other forms of discipline. However, in one large meta-analysis of previous research, psychologist Elizabeth Gershoff found that spanking was associated with poor parent-child relationships as well as with increases in antisocial behavior, delinquency and aggressiveness. More recent studies that controlled for a variety of confounding variables also found similar results.
http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/dm...ocial_general/kazdin.spanking.curdir.2003.pdfCURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
The effects of very mild, occasional
spanking are not well studied
or sufficiently clear from available
studies. In one sense, it may be
correct to say that current evidence
does not establish the deleterious
or beneficial effects of very mild
spanking. Even so, it may be prudent
to caution against the use of
spanking because there are nonaversive
alternatives for accomplishing
the same disciplinary goals,
and because it has not been empirically
established where the demarcation
is between mild spanking
that may be safe to use and severe
corporal punishment that is known
to be dangerous. Moreover, mild
spanking can escalate and apparently
does mix in with more severe
hitting (Gershoff, 2002). Thus, the
many health, psychological, and
neurological consequences of harsh
punishment cannot be dismissed
as irrelevant to mild spanking. One
of the reasons that there is a debate
about the effects of spanking is that
investigators who study spanking
and the parents and teachers who
interact with children cannot adhere
consistently to a delimited
and crisp definition of spanking or
hitting that is “mild and occasional.”
From a parenting and policy
perspective, the basic question is,
why use corporal punishment at
all? Mild noncorporal punishments
such as brief time out from reinforcement
or short-term loss of
privileges in the context of praise
and rewards can accomplish the
goals for which spanking is usually
employed.
It would appear that the child psychologists do not agree with spanking.
However, I do think we should define what we mean when we discuss 'spanking'. The common definition appears to involve repeated striking of the child's buttocks with the open hand, or an implement. I think this is the action to which psychologists are referring when they speak of 'spanking'. Such an action is violent enough to be classified as beating.
Whereas a single sharp pat on the bottom is usually intended to startle the child enough to get his attention, and does not cause pain. The act of inflicting pain upon small children is what constitutes a beating.
So will those here, who are vocal in support of spanking, please specify whether they are speaking of repeatedly striking a child, sufficient to cause pain, or otherwise.