The
French ban on face covering (
French:
LOI n° 2010-1192: Loi interdisant la dissimulation du visage dans l'espace public,
[1] "Law of 2010-1192: Act prohibiting concealment of the face in public space") is an act of parliament passed by the
Senate of France on 14 September 2010, resulting in the ban on the wearing of face-covering headgear, including
masks,
helmets or hijabs,
balaclavas,
niqābs and other veils covering the face in public places, except under specified circumstances. The ban also applies to the
burqa, a full-body covering, if it covers the face. Consequently,
full body costumes and
Zentais (skin-tight garments covering entire body) were banned. The bill had previously been passed by the
National Assembly of France on 13 July 2010.
[2] In April 2011, France became the first European country to impose a ban on full-face veils in public areas.
[3]
Public debate exacerbated concerns over immigration, nationalism, secularism, security, and sexuality.
[4] Arguments supporting this proposal include that face coverings prevent the clear identification of a person (which may be a security risk, or a social hindrance within a society which relies on facial recognition and expression in communication), that the alleged forcing of women to cover their faces is sexist, and that Muslims who continue this practice should be forced to assimilate into traditional French social norms. Arguments against include that the ban encroaches on individual freedoms,
[5] and that it discriminates against interpretations of
Islam that require or encourage women to wear face coverings, that it takes away the choice of women to decide whether to dress according to a particular standard of modesty, and prevents anonymity in situations where it might be socially or personally desirable. Opponents accused President
Nicolas Sarkozy of fostering
Islamophobia and using the law for political gain.
[4] Research shows that the headscarf ban reduced the economic and social integration of Muslim women into French society.
[6][7]