- Joined
- Apr 3, 2019
- Messages
- 22,318
- Reaction score
- 9,878
- Location
- Alaska (61.5°N, -149°W)
- Gender
- Male
- Political Leaning
- Conservative
As far as the federal government is concerned, that is correct. If it is not contained within the US Constitution then it is beyond the authority of the federal government. As Justice Scalia once put it in his dissenting opinion in Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 91 (2000), “the Constitution’s refusal to ‘deny or disparage’ other rights is far removed from affirming any one of them, and even further removed from authorizing judges to identify what they might be, and to enforce the judges’ list against laws duly enacted by the people.” As the Tenth Amendment makes perfectly clear, if it is not contained within the US Constitution it is not within the power of the federal government.Are you saying that only enumerated rights are constitutional and can be enforced? If so, why even mention rights in the 9th Amendment? What's the point? My take on it is that even non-enumerated rights, recognized by the citizens, are capable of being enforced.
However, since the US Constitution does not prohibit the States, the States are the only government body with the constitutional authority to adopt powers not specifically granted to them by the US Constitution. Providing, of course, that the US Constitution does not specifically prohibit the States from exercising that power. Which includes unenumerated rights.
With regards to the Ninth Amendment, Madison was concerned that by enumerating certain rights within the US Constitution all other rights not enumerated would be assumed to fall under the authority of the government. This is what Madison actually proposed for the Ninth Amendment:
The exceptions [to power] here or elsewhere in the constitution made in favor of particular rights, shall not be so construed as to diminish the just importance of other rights retained by the people, or as to enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution; but either as actual limitations on such powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution.
The congressional committee gave us the Ninth Amendment as it is written in the US Constitution instead.
Hamilton tried to argue that if the US Constitution didn't authorize the federal government the authority they couldn't presume to exercise such authority, so no Bill of Rights would be necessary. Hamilton was a complete idiot, of course.