An entity that is not a colony still is not a colony.
Neither Puerto Rico nor Okinawa are colonies.
Okinawa is a full prefecture, just like any other in Japan. The equivalent status in the US is "State".
Puerto Rico is an interesting case, as it is a Commonwealth of the US, and both Congress and the people of Puerto Rico have been demanding statehood for decades (the latest referendum was in November with 56% wanting statehood). However, the problem is not the US, or Congress, or anything like that.
It's the political leadership of Puerto Rico.
Now first of all, it is rather interesting as neither the Democrats nor Republicans have actual parties there. Instead there are three local parties, Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP), the Partido Popular Democratico (PPD), and, to a lesser extent, the Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (PIP). And all three of them are worried that they would lose power if it became a state, so the Commonwealth is mired in gridlock.
The next step for the path to statehood is for Puerto Rico to hold a Constitutional Convention, then draft and submit a State Constitution for approval. Absolutely nothing can be done until that step is taken. And even though the people have been calling for statehood for over two decades, the political leadership has not even attempted to hold such a convention or draft a State Constitution. The very fact that all three political parties were against the referendum I think is rather interesting. And shows the deep divide between the local government and their population.
And I don't see this changing any time soon. The only "party" that has been trying to push for the government to take the steps to achieve statehood is the minor Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico (Republican Party of Puerto Rico). But as it is not an actual "political party", as they are not registered with the Commonwealth. And that is the kind of thing that is common there, unlike the rest of the US. There are many "unregistered parties", that are more like PACs or political organizations akin to say the NOW or Tea Party. They do not take part in elections, have no members at any levels of government. They are influential among the population, but have no actual power other than influence.
But until the local government gets their thumb out of their ass and holds a Constitutional Convention, absolutely nothing will ever change. Because none of the three political parties there have even attempted to make a Constitution.