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You should perhaps have taken the time to actually read the decisions you posted.You should perhaps have chosen a more recent decision from the Supreme Court - one like South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987)
This case was related to a South Dakota law that allowed persons 19 years old to buy beer at a time when all other states had moved to the 21 years ruling. But the decision (7-2) was based on the general welfare phrase found in the preamble.
Both Steward Machine Company v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937) and South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987) were decided on the Tenth Amendment.
In the case of Steward Machine Company v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937), a corrupt Supreme Court decided in FDR's favor and against the Tenth Amendment. In South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987) the Supreme Court held that establishing a national minimum drinking age does not violate the Tenth Amendment. This is the second time you cited South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987), and the second time you failed to actually read the decision.
The general welfare has never been a power, and it still isn't. If it ever becomes a power then you can toss the entire US Constitution out the window because it will become completely meaningless. In the words of Thomas Jefferson:
It would reduce the whole instrument to a single phrase, that of instituting a Congress with power to do whatever would be for the good of the United States; and, as they would be the sole judges of the good or evil, it would be also a power to do whatever evil they please.
Obviously no powers like that were ever intended. The power the US Constitution grants Congress is the power to tax, not to do whatever they please for the General Welfare.