A letter from Chaplain Fisk, dated the 14th inst., to the Springfield (Mass.) Republican, presents some facts which are new. He says: “ There are between Memphis and Natchez not less than fifty thousand blacks, from among whom have been called all the able bodied men for the military service. Thirty-five thousand of these, viz: those in camps between Helena and Natchez, are furnished the shelter of old tents and subsistence of cheap rations by the Government, but are in all other things in extreme destitution. Their clothing in perhaps the case of a fourth of this number is but one single worn and scanty garment Many children are wrapped night and day in tattered blankets as their sole apparel. But few of all these people have had any change of raiment since, in mid summer or earlier, they came from the abandoned plantations of their masters.
“ Multitudes of them have no beds of bedding” the clayey earth the resting place of women and babes through these stormy winter months. They live of necessity in extreme filthiness, and are afflicted with all fataled seases. Medical attendance and supplies are very inadequate. They cannot during the winter, be disposed to labor and self-support, and compensated labor cannot be procured for them in the camps. They cannot, in their present condition, survive the winter. It is my conviction that, unrelieved, the half of them will perish before the spring. Last winter, during the months of February, March, and April, I buried, at Memphis alone, out of an average of four thousand, twelve hundred of these people, or twelve a day. One day we buried thirty-five. Those who have been gathered into camp this summer are quite as destitute as those who were on our hands last winter.” [/b]
The Daily Dispatch: April 27, 1864. Richmond Dispatch. 2 pages. by Cowardin & Hammersley. Richmond. April 27, 1864. microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mi : Proquest. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant provided support for entering this text.
The Daily Dispatch: April 27, 1864., [Electronic resource], Negro soldiers in the North
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery-starvation-civil-war
Downs has collected numerous shocking accounts of the lives of freed slaves. He came across accounts of deplorable conditions in hospitals and refugee camps, where doctors often had racist theories about how black Americans reacted to disease. Things were so bad that one military official in Tennessee in 1865 wrote that former slaves were: "dying by scores “ that sometimes 30 per day die and are carried out by wagonloads without coffins, and thrown promiscuously, like brutes, into a trench".
So bad were the health problems suffered by freed slaves, and so high the death rates, that some observers of the time even wondered if they would all die out. One white religious leader in 1863 expected black Americans to vanish. "Like his brother the Indian of the forest, he must melt away and disappear forever from the midst of us," the man wrote.
https://books.google.com/books?id=5...page&q=contraband camp mortality rate&f=false
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Civil War By William L. Barney