As with any debt crisis, there is plenty of blame to go around. Puerto Rico borrowed too much, sure, but by definition, this means that lenders were too eager to lend to a government whose economy and population have been shrinking for roughly a decade. But eager they were. A 2012 report by the Wall Street Journal describes how, “investors have flocked to its bonds because they have something fund managers crave: They pay high interest rates.”
On top of that, these bonds gave investors an even rarer advantage: a so-called “triple-tax exemption,” because investors don’t have to pay local, state, or federal taxes on income derived from owning Puerto Rican government debt. In other words, the combination of a reach for yield, tax incentives, and the belief that default is impossible all contributed to a debt crisis that is likely not going to end well. If the recent defaults in Argentina and Greece are any guide, it will be average Puerto Rican citizens who suffer the worst consequences, rather than those who borrowed or lent in the run up to this crisis.
But why, exactly, is the Puerto Rican government debt tax exempt?