America increasingly relies on state governments to fund public investment
America’s government invests much too little in infrastructure. A study in 2013 by the American Society of Civil Engineers claimed that additional spending of $1.6 trillion, in 2010 dollars, is needed by 2020 to bring the quality of the country’s infrastructure up from “poor” to “good”. Roads are a particular problem: over the past decade, America’s roads have fallen from seventh to fourteenth in the World Economic Forum’s rankings of the quality of infrastructure. Part of the problem is that the federal tax on petrol (gasoline), which provides most of the funding for federal spending on roads, has been stuck at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993. Over that period the price of construction materials and the wages of construction workers have both risen by more than 75%.
Happily, the federal government is responsible only for about a quarter of spending on highways. States are keener to raise local taxes on petrol: 12 did so in the year to January. Iowa’s rise was the sharpest. Since last year Iowans have paid 31 cents per gallon to the state, up from 21 cents per gallon—a rate set in 1989. Most states tax by the gallon and so have also benefited from the falling oil price, which has boosted petrol sales. Nationally, they are up by 3% on a year ago.
Since 2013 state and local governments’ net investment (ie, after depreciation) is up by about a quarter. In contrast, federal net investment, which was barely positive in 2013, is now negative, meaning that Congress is not even spending enough to maintain what it has.* In the aftermath of the financial crisis, states cut investment to balance their budgets, while the federal government upped its spending as part of a stimulus program. Now the reverse is true: state and local investment adds to growth, while falling federal investment is a drag on it ...
Excerpt:
Back in the saddle again for state spending? That little bounce upward on the infographic below (for 2015) could indeed be the forerunner of more to come ...
*The Replicants control both chambers of Congress, and they still cannot summon the courage to do anything that might remotely be called by those "dirty words", Stimulus Spending. Perhaps they are waiting from signals from the Koch Brothers ... ?
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I would have thought that most infrastructure could be handled by private investors.
What would make you think that?
I would have thought that most infrastructure could be handled by private investors.
I'll buy that notion. Under a bidding process for the contract-work overseen by the local, state officials. With a watchdog office snooping around to guaranty that the process was fair and impartial.
There is nothing wrong with free-enterprise, as long as its kept honest. That's the hard part.
And the US is no better at that process than any other country. Especially, when it comes to BigBusiness that throws its weight around to get special-consideration by corrupting local politicians with sway.
We've still not mastered that process. We put a lot of delinquents behind bars but not enough of the executive kind. The massive Bankster fraud for which no one went to jail is proof-positive of that contention ...
Excerpt:
Back in the saddle again for state spending? That little bounce upward on the infographic below (for 2015) could indeed be the forerunner of more to come ...
*The Replicants control both chambers of Congress, and they still cannot summon the courage to do anything that might remotely be called by those "dirty words", Stimulus Spending. Perhaps they are waiting from signals from the Koch Brothers ... ?
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Why shouldn't it be? It's easy in most cases.
You think private investors would build highways across the desert?
Anytime someone talks about "spending" and won't use that word...but, instead, insists on using the word, "investing", I tend to turn my attention away from them because I feel they are not being honest.
I am all for more state spending and less federal spending. I agree with your thread title: Buy local. (even though you, Lafayette, haven't seemed to talk much about buying local)
Replicants. I have no idea what it means ... perhaps you can tell me what you mean when you use that term?
In any case, there are plenty in Congress who are all for Stimulus Spending (or...should that be "Investment"?).
... your OP (and your thread title) refer to some article from The Economist. You even provide an excerpt that appears to be from this article. I'm sure it's just an oversight on your part, but perhaps you can provide a link to this mysterious article.
Depends on where to where.
From LA to Las Vegas? Absolutely. LA to Phoenix? Without question.
However if you live in a little town that's not on a direct route between major metropolises where money can be made providing highways, you may be outta luck
Exactly. That's why we need Big Government. We can't trust capitalists.
To build stretches of road that wouldn't get much traffic in the first place?
WORDS PEOPLE USE
Semantic difference between the two words: Government Spending (state or Federal) generates Consumer Income, and in a market-economy Income stimulates Consumer Spending, which brings forth Investment in production (of goods/services) to meet additional Consumer Demand.
The logic is circular, but in a declining-economy it starts with State/Federal Spending to enhance the propensity for Consumer purchasing.
Btw, "propensity" is a key-word used in describing Economic Demand. It means "an inclination or tendency for .." It does not mean an "automatic consequence".
For me, spending is spending regardless of its provenance. I thought the infographic showed clearly where it came from - State Spending; Federal Spending having been reduced to negative proportions by the Replicants who refused any increase in the HofR. How much of that influences Consumer Spending is a benefit if Unemployment declines further. Only time will tell if that actually happens.
(But I actually think we are reaching bottom of the Unemployment Rate. The US has what economists call a "Built-in Unemployment Rate Minimum - and the US "B-U-R-M" is somewhere between 4 and 5% - methinks.)
The Replicants shot Obama out of the water when they refused his request for more Stimulus Spending in 2011. His ARRA Spending Bill in 2009 had been enough to stop-dead at 10% an exploding Unemployment Rate (from 2008 to 2010).
But, that done, more was needed to reduce more quickly High Unemployment. Which is why I have said that without the additional Stimulus Spending in 2011, putting people back to work took Four More Years than was necessary. The Replicants refused all such Spending with the obtuse-reasoning that what the country needed was Austerity Budgeting - the exact opposite!
So, Americans got what they had voted for in 2010. Four more years of stagnant Unemployment from 2010 to 2014. (See that with the BLS Employment-to-population Ratio history.)
Word games: Replicants - Republicans
Meaning non-human control-programming and no heart; and I retract the "non-human" part if the Donald gets elected. :roll:
Yes, they are one in the same. Each Stimulus-dollar "Spent" typically provokes some percentage of Investment Dollar as well to meet enhanced Demand.
It depends upon how it spent. If spent on bridges to nowhere as in Alaska, then the total after-effect of spending is nil. I'm dead serious - not all spending is done with the intent of creating further Consumer Demand. (Some of it is employed as political "favors to my Party-friends who funded my reelection and are in need".)
I'm learning bit-by-bit what the forum software can do. So far, it's the best I've seen on the Internet.
But, you are right. I linked the Economist article in the forum's Thread-header and that wont work.
So, here it is: Buy Local
Please confirm whether the link works or not to access the article.
You think private investors would build highways across the desert?
I see investment as providing money to earn more money...such as investing in stocks. The problem, though, is that those two words have been used interchangeably for so long that the actual differences are ignored. And they've been used that way for one purpose only...to spin spending into something that is worthwhile.
Stimulus is something altogether different...except that the money going out can be for spending OR investment. But those words are used to spin the stimulus program to look worthwhile.
The result, since I'm not impressed in the slightest by such things, is dismissal of anything you say when you use that term.
Buying stocks may seem like an investment to you, but in fact, you are only buying ownership. You hope the stock-shareout will return a profit. Investment is risking money typically for the expansion of business in the hopes of a return.
Frankly, you will say that there's no difference. And you would not be wrong ...
The word is commonly used in Economics. You may find it curious. But I've seen it used so often in the context of Recession Exiting it is common. To me.
Ho hum. Diff'rent strokes for diff'rent folks.
We'll see if my use of the word "Replicant" has any real context, or not, in the candidacy of Replicant Donald for the White House. Your party is in really deep, deep ... uh, sneakers ...
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There very probably are some investments that are uneconomical and would not happily be privatised, if done poorly. That does not make every such stretch a public good, however. Why would you want to produce something nobody wants enough to pay for?
No one said nobody wants it. Some do and that's enough.
Why would you want to produce something nobody wants enough to pay for?
You are describing aptly the nature of HealthCare. We cannot afford it, but neither can we do without it.
So, it must become a National Publicly Subsidized Service available to all. And the only way to do so is a National Health Service, which ObamaCare is not.
ObamaCare is a nationally subsidized service run by private insurance-companies. It is NOT what Obama wanted - it was what he could get.
They cannot get what someone (Obama) on the left "wanted", so...seizing the enormous power of the government...they impose something that nobody wants and that is worse than what we had in the first place.
All because someone like you says, "We've gotta have NHS."
If you have health insurance, you may think it doesn’t matter because someone else is paying the bill. You’d be wrong. This country’s exorbitant medical costs mean that we all pay too much for health insurance. Overpriced care also translates into fewer raises for American workers. And to top it off, we’re not even getting the best care for our money.
First, be aware that even if you have insurance, it doesn’t always fully protect you. Four years ago, Joclyn Krevat, a 32-year-old occupational therapist from New York City, collapsed with a rare heart condition and ended up needing an emergency heart transplant. She had it done at a hospital in her health plan’s network, but no one bothered to tell her that her transplant surgeons didn’t take her insurance. They billed her $70,000 and sent collection agencies and lawyers after her while she was still home recuperating. In studying the problem, Consumer Reports has heard dozens of similar tales about surprise out-of-network bills. (If you have one, consider sharing it with us).
Second, higher health care costs mean higher health insurance premiums for everyone. It’s Health Insurance 101: Insurance is about pooling risk. That’s a good thing because it protects you against unexpected costs—but companies have to collect enough in premiums to pay for members’ health expenses. The higher the expenses for the risk pool, the higher the premiums for everyone—even if you received little or none of that care.
And if you’re wondering why you can’t get ahead financially, blame it on the fact that health care is eating your raises. Since 2000, incomes have barely kept up with inflation and insurance premiums have more than doubled. The average employer family health plan that cost companies $6,438 per staffer in 2000 shot up to $16,351 by 2013. That’s money that could have gone into your paycheck but didn’t because your employer had to spend it on your health insurance instead.
You missed the qualifier. Wanting is not enough to justify production. Desire is not demand. Paying the price is the clincher.
Obama was compelled by the Replicants to settle for the privatized-version...
The qualifier wasn't relevant. Roads are very expensive. Few individuals or small groups of individuals can pay for therm. They must rely on some larger entity.
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