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Nope, that's not what they said. If you are referring to the limitations of the confederacy that was obvious, but no Federalist writing, or anti-Federalist writing ever argued for a centralized government superior to it's states. Know why a Republic was chosen? Because the states were to be the origin of power. This means the federal is still subserviant to the states.
No, the Supremacy Clause, 200 hundreds of judical rulings, and a Civil War means the states are beneath the authority of the Federal government. The Federal government does have its limits, as defined in the Constitution, which is defined by the SCOTUS, but where the Federal Government and the states conflict and the court determines it to be an area of jurisdicition of the Federal Government, then the Feds win.
And here's the Federalist Papers, Number 80.
The mere necessity of uniformity in the interpretation of the national laws, decides the question. Thirteen independent courts of final jurisdiction over the same causes, arising upon the same laws, is a hydra in government, from which nothing but contradiction and confusion can proceed.
The Federalist Papers - THOMAS (Library of Congress)
Like he says, if you have the states rule on national issues, you're going to have 13, or now 50, different sets of rulings and how can you have 50 sets of rulings on national issues? Which one is going to over rule the other? Likewise 50 different rulings on Constitutional issues isn't going to make any sense at all nor is it any way to run a country.
Hence why, a state cannot tell the Federal government what isn't constitutional if the Fed's have decided it is or if the SCOTUS has decided it is, if it had to go through the courts because there must be a single definitive answer as to what the law is and isn't.
Now the states aren't powerless, they have the courts, and they can take the Federal Government to court, but ultimately if this country is going to stay together it needs definitive answers for these kind of questions that arise under the law regardless of whether you like all the answers or not.