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Complete ArticleWASHINGTON -- If you're Happy and you know it, pat your head.
That, in a peanut shell, is how a 34-year-old female Asian elephant in the Bronx Zoo showed researchers that pachyderms can recognize themselves in a mirror -- complex behavior observed in only a few other species.
The test results suggest elephants -- or at least Happy -- are self-aware. The ability to distinguish oneself from others had been shown only in humans, chimpanzees and, to a limited extent, dolphins.
That self-recognition may underlie the social complexity seen in elephants, and could be linked to the empathy and altruism that the big-brained animals have been known to display, said researcher Diana Reiss, of the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the Bronx Zoo.
In a 2005 experiment, Happy faced her reflection in an 8-by-8-foot mirror and repeatedly used her trunk to touch an "X" painted above her eye. The elephant could not have seen the mark except in her reflection. Furthermore, Happy ignored a similar mark, made on the opposite side of her head in paint of an identical smell and texture, that was invisible unless seen under black light.
"It seems to verify for us she definitely recognized herself in the mirror," said Joshua Plotnik, one of the researchers behind the study. Details appear this week on the Web site of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
I love stories like this! Humans have this collective attitude that they are the only ones who exhibit self-awareness and therefore are rightfully superior to all other beings. In the past, studies were done on dolphins, who demonstrated a level of self-awareness and, of course, other primates who have done so(Dolphins and primates have also demonstrated the ability to use abstract thought to think independently and communicate on a certain level with humans based on that abstract. Studies are being done with parrots for the same thing). Of course, this doesn't stop the egoism of humans and, since we have the brains to invent and use tools, it may be rightfully so. On the other hand, it's a thought that perhaps so do these mammals, they just don't need to. Still, it knocks us down a peg or two to know that there are more commonalities we share with the 'lesser' mammals.