The Pope is the head of the Catholic church (and there are Catholics that hate the current Pope), so kind of different. Israel is a secular state that's Jewish, not a religious state. Judaism is special because it's both a religion and a people, but most Jews are loyal to their home country, and even though they do have ties to Israel, many see themselves as Americans, or British or Russian, or whatever their home country is, and not Israeli, unless they are actual Israelis. Also the idea of the Jewish people is different from being Israeli. Israeli is being citizen of a country, while being a Jew is a larger group. Although indeed the official policy of Israel is that they want all Jews to migrate to there, and any Jew who seek Israeli citizenship will get it.
The West Bank and the Gaza Strip are not parts of Israel but occupied by Israel, which is a different thing. That means the Palestinians are not Israeli citizens and have no rights under Israeli law. By definition Palestinians are not a minority in Israel because the Palestinian territories are not officially part of Israel. And the main reason Israel hasn't just annexed the West Bank and Gaza is because they don't want the Palestinians within their borders.