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Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment

TU Curmudgeon

B.A. (Sarc), LLb. (Lex Sarcasus), PhD (Sarc.)
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From the BBC

Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment

Evelyn Forget was a psychology student in Toronto in 1974 when she first heard about a ground-breaking social experiment that had just begun in the rural Canadian community of Dauphin, Manitoba. “I found myself in an economics class which I wasn’t looking forward to,” she remembers. “But in the second week, the professor came in, and spoke about this wonderful study which was going to revolutionise the way we delivered social programmes in Canada. To me, it was a fascinating concept, because until then I’d never really realised you could use economics in any kind of positive way.”

The experiment was called ‘Mincome’, and it had been designed by a group of economists who wanted to do something to address rural poverty. Once it was implemented in the area, it had real results: over the four years that the program ended up running in the 1970s, an average family in Dauphin was guaranteed an annual income of 16,000 Canadian dollars ($11,700, £9,400).

With unemployment likely to mount in the wake of Covid-19, the concept of introducing a basic income is once again back in vogue on both sides of the Atlantic.

Why did these economists start Mincome those four decades ago? They wanted to see whether a guaranteed basic income for those below the poverty line could improve quality of life – a grand economic idea that had been around since the Enlightenment, but had barely been tested in practise.

As one of just a handful of real-life basic income trials that has taken place over the past half century, little did they know that more than 40 years later, this experiment would be at the centre of the discussion regarding the merits of introducing basic income on a larger scale.

COMMENT:-

I ran across this yesterday and thought that it might provoke some rational discussion. I know that it will provoke "The Base" into full throated baying of "**S*O*C*I*A*L*I*S*M**", but there isn't anything that I can do about that (except ignore them).

PS - It's long, contains big words, and doesn't have pictures of scantily clad women in it, so I suggest Mr. Trump doesn't cause himself any injuries by attempting to read it all at one session. If he reads a little bit each day (up to his attention span) he can probably read it all in under two weeks.

PPS - $17,000 1974 Canadian Dollars works out to $84,077.22 2020 Canadian Dollars or $61489.87 2020 US Dollars.
 

Interesting.

However on reading through your source story, I noticed a couple of missing points

While it does mention increased school attendance and healthcare...it makes no mention of actual FINANCIAL improvements. I.e. increased employment, improved financial stability, or any lessening of dependency on government "basic income."

We already have examples of providing "basic incomes" whether it is the UK model of "the Dole," or our own social welfare which includes housing, childcare, various forms of welfare payments, SNAP, Medicare and Medicaid. That doesn't even touch on Social Security benefits.

I am not in favor of any "basic income" ideology. I don't mind "temporary assistance" programs designed around education and training to set ones feet on the road to financial independence. But I cannot support "dependence" programs. Not unless they are tied directly to a program requiring steady achievement and eventual release to complete independence.
 
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The primary issue with UBI

Disincentive to improve ones economic situation

This is the primary issue but can be solved through graduated claw backs on the income. Instead of removing government support dollar for dollar, a gradual reduction of say 0.50 per 1 extra dollar earned. This will provide the incentive to find better jobs to earn more income rather than punish people for finding work.

Not having incentives to work is what made the USSR collapse. People got paid the same no matter if they worked hard and did a good job or if they slacked off and did poorly.
 

You can read a fuller description at "The Town with No Poverty: The Health Effects of a Canadian Guaranteed Annual Income Field Experiment" (from University of Toronto Press). You might want to take note of the fact that one of the reasons that the study makes no mention of actual FINANCIAL improvements (i.e. increased employment, improved financial stability, or any lessening of dependency on government "basic income.) is because it was a study on HEALTH EFFECTS and not a study on any of those other things.
 

Well, since the issue of my concern is dependency as opposed to independence, your article has no benefit to convincing me to support "basic income" at taxpayer expense.

Of course kids are more likely to go to school if Mom or Dad can stay around the house. Of course there is a likelihood of better healthcare if someone has money to go to the emergency room. Of course that is likely to remain the same as long as people are given "free money."

Of course the money isn't really "free," it comes out of the pockets of others who were able to achieve on their own despite hardships. You know, took a little personal responsibility for their own lives and decisions?

I repeat. I have no problems with providing bootstrap programs designed to help people overcome obstacles to personal and financial independence. But a "universal basic income?" No.
 

I really wish that I could recall where I once found the article on the UBI experiment that was done in the US - but I can't, so take the following or leave it as you please.

The US experiment was divided into three segments,

  1. Group 1 - which paid a tax of 25% on all income and received the standard supplement;
    *
  2. Group 2 - which paid a tax of 50% on all income and received the standard supplement;
    *
    and
    *
  3. Group 3 - which paid a tax of 75% on all income and received the standard supplement.

The findings of the experiment were:

  • Group 1 was a failure because the expenditures outweighed the income plus the cost reductions in other programs;
    *
  • Group 2 was a success because the expenditures were less than the income plus the cost reductions in other programs;
    *
    and;
    *
  • Group 3 was a failure because the expenditures were more than the income plus the cost reductions in other programs.

Essentially Group 1 did NOT result in significant tax returns and the people in Group 3 tended to stop working as there wasn't a sufficient incentive to actually work. However, for the people in Group 2 the fact that they got to keep 50% of what they earned WITHOUT affecting their standard supplement was sufficient to keep them in the workforce.

In short, a badly designed and poorly implemented UBI program is simply economically unfeasible, but a properly designed and properly implemented one can work.

PS - A "welfare" program that features a phased reduction in benefits (after the person reaches a set minimum income) rather than total termination of benefits if the person's earned income exceeds the set minimum income by as little as one cent works in much the same manner (it's just more complex and more expensive to administer).
 
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