If this is in the Heller decision, the conservatives on the court need some history lessons.
The Second Amendment exists because the states feared a Federal government with a large standing army. Neither the Federal government, nor any of the states could afford to field an army.
The very year that the Militia Acts were passed the Federal government increased the funding for our standing army.
So the custom of local militias was enshrined in the Constitution. And the cost of arming them was passed to the militia members.
Of course, in those days, the sort of weapons commonly sold at gun shows did not exist, and were well beyond the technology of the day.
The Court has held that “the Second Amendment extends, prima facie, to all instruments that constitute bearable arms, even those that were not in existence at the time of the founding,” District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U. S. 570, 582 (2008), and that this “Second Amendment right is fully applicable to the States,” McDonald v. Chicago, 561 U. S. 742, 750 (2010).
Caetano v Massachusetts
Multi-shot firearms in existence at ratification:
Belton repeating flintlock, 1777
The Drehling 8-shot, matchlock revolver, circa 1580.
German oval-bore, .67-calibre rifle that fired 16 stacked charges of powder and ball in a rapid "Roman candle" fashion, circa 1600 (manufacturer/inventor unknown).
1625 German-commissioned, breech loading wheellock, with metal cartridges.
The six-or-twelve shot, 17th century, Kalthoff Repeaters.
Lorenzoni and Cookson Flintlock Repeating Pistols, in 7-shot and 9-shot versions, circa 1680.
The Cookson Repeating Rifle (Lorenzoni System), circa 1680: a 12 shot, lever-action breech-loading, repeating flintlock.
The Puckle gun, circa 1718, a tripod-mounted, single-barreled flintlock weapon fitted with a multi-shot revolving cylinder, designed for shipboard use to prevent boarding. Could hold 11 preloaded rounds in a cylinder, and advertised to "fire 63 shots in 7 minutes."
Griffin Breech-loading Flintlock Musket, 1740
I Pendrill Flintlock Breech-loading Rifle, 1760.
Bunney of London four Barreled "Duck's Foot" Flintlock Pistol, 1780.
Flemish 3-barrel, tap-action, .54 bore pistol, 1780.
The rapid-fire, Ferguson Rifle, breech-load flintlock, patented 1777, which improved upon the breech-loading rifle created and patented in 1721 by Isaac de la Chaumette
Girardoni Air Rifle, circa 1780: 22 round magazine, .46 caliber air rifle.
Electronic communication and data storage devices in existence at ratification:
{null set}
Does this mean that the 1st and 4th Amendment protections don’t apply to your cell phone?
so, the dependent clause, which has been the law for over 100 years should still be the governing principle, dispute the inaccuracy of the court’s interpretation of it.
Without the recognition of an individual right to keep and bear arms, Miller, whose entire appeal was based upon that right, would have no standing to have his case reviewed by SCOTUS.
There have been six major pieces of gun control legislation passed by Congress, all prior to Heller: NFA 1934, Gun Control Act of 1968, Firearm Owners Protection Act (including the Hughes Amendment) of 1986, the Brady Act, the Assault Weapons Ban and the Lautenburg Amendment.
The word militia isn't mentioned a single time in any of them. The words "individual", "person" and "citizen" are repeated hundreds of times.
In 1982 the Senate published a bipartisan report entitled "the right to keep and bear arms report" that affirmed an individual rights viewpoint.
In 1990 in US v Verdugo-Urquidez SCOTUS affirmed: "...it suggests that "the people" protected by the Fourth Amendment, and by the First and Second Amendments, and to whom rights and powers are reserved in the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, refers to a class of persons who are part of a national community or who have otherwise developed sufficient connection with this country to be considered part of that community."