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Arizona State Devil No. 1

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Historical Timeline of Concrete


9000 BC
Gobekli Tepe terrazzo floors (enclosure B layer III) and rectangular buildings of layer II. Mesolithic to Neolithic type of concrete in Anatolia (western Asia), constructed of burnt lime and clay, with aggregate.
6500 BC
Nabataean geopolymer type of Stone age concrete in Syria, permanent heating and cooking fire pits. Primitive form of calcining on exterior faces of limestone rocks lining the fire pits.
5600 BC
The earliest concrete yet discovered in Europe was developed along the Danube River in Yugoslavia. Stone age hunters or fishermen mixed red lime, sand, gravel and water.
4400 BC
Stonehenge builders mixed Ancient concrete, pulverized Bluestone volcanic ash and tuff (Pozzolan) together with crushed in situ Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) lime.
3000 BC
Chinese used cementitious materials to hold bamboo together in their boats and in the Great Wall. The Chinese used concrete in Gansu Province in northwest China.
2500 BC
Egyptians mixed mud with straw to bind dried bricks. Also furthered the discovery of lime and gypsum mortar as a binding agent for building the Pyramids.
800 BC
Babylonians and Assyrians used a bitumen to bind stone and bricks. This allowed them to combine both large and small stone objects together.
601 BC
Stonehenge Altar of Burnt Offering (containing 7 gold relics) Topfill, 0.4 metre of pulverized Bluestone (volcanic ash and tuff) aggregate and lime, 3.7 metre Southeast of Heel Stone (under Anatolia's micaceous Altar Stone base.
600 BC
Greeks discovered a natural Pozzolan on Santorini Island that developed hydraulic properties when mixed with lime. This made it possible to produce concrete that would harden under water, as well as in the air.
400 BC
Petra (Greek, "city of rock"), also known as Sila, ancient city of Arabia (now southwestern Jordan). The stronghold and treasure city of the Nabataeans, an Arab people.
300 BC
Romans used slaked lime and volcanic ash (Pozzolan), found near Pozzouli, Italy by the bay of Naples. Pliny the Elder reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand. Vitruvius reported 2 parts of Pozzolan to 1 part lime.
193 BC
Porticus Aemilia made of bound stones to form concrete.
75 BC
Romans use a pozzolanic, hydraulic cement to build the theater at Pompeii and the Roman baths. The cement was a ground mix of lime and a volcanic ash containing silica and alumina.
44 BC
Palatine Hill (Latin: Palatium), the centermost of the 7 hills of Rome, one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome, Italy. It is some 70 metre high.
25 BC
Ancient harbor at Caesarea, Israel built by Herod the Great.
AD 24
Stonehenge Altar of Burnt Offering (containing 7 gold relics) Backfill, 1.6 metre of pulverized Bluestone (volcanic ash and tuff) aggregate and lime, 1.2 to 2.8 metre below Heel Stone base. Eastern bottom of Scroll Trench.

Concrete Helper- A Concrete Industry Resource ? History of Concrete

O LUCIFER
the Devil
Satan
 
Stonehenge Bluestones Pyrometamorphism Reported to
Preseli Hills area UK Nursery and Pre-schools in 1974

In 1961 during a Stonehenge UK visit, Drums Elementary School kindergartener, Garry Denke of Butler Township, Pa discovered Stonehenge Bluestones are pyrometamorphic altered by High-heat Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Period, Namurian Age, anthracite (Coal Measures) burn above 1200 °C, possibly made in ancient Pembrokeshire Coalfield carbon cave dwellings where in 1974, whilst backpacking from Stonehenge to Preseli Hills, the same Garry Denke, and Ralph Ferdinand of Hazle Township, Pa students of UK geology discovered ancient Pembrokeshire Coalfield prehistoric tools, Bluestone wedges, and Coal rank anthracite digging activity; and

In 1961 during a Stonehenge UK visit, Drums Elementary School kindergartener, Garry Denke of Butler Township discovered Stonehenge Bluestones are pyrometamorphic altered by High-heat Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Period, Westphalian Age, bituminous (Coal Measures) burn above 1100 °C, possibly made in ancient South Wales Coalfield carbon cave dwellings where in 1974, whilst backpacking from Stonehenge to Preseli Hills, the same Garry Denke, and Ralph Ferdinand of Hazle Township, Pa students of UK geology discovered ancient South Wales Coalfield prehistoric tools, Bluestone wedges, and Coal rank bituminous digging activity; and

In 1961 during a Stonehenge UK visit, Drums Elementary School kindergartener Garry Denke of Butler Township discovered Stonehenge Bluestones are pyrometamorphic altered by High-heat Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Period, Stephanian Age, sub-bituminous (Coal Measures) burn above 1000 °C, possibly made in ancient South Wales Coalfield carbon cave dwellings where in 1974, whilst backpacking from Stonehenge to Preseli Hills, the same Garry Denke, and Ralph Ferdinand of Hazle Township, Pa students of UK geology discovered ancient Bristol (Dean) Coalfield prehistoric tools, Bluestone wedges, and Coal rank sub-bituminous digging activity.

In 1974 after Stonehenge Free Festival coring, Garry Denke and Ralph Ferdinand reported their findings to Preseli Hills area UK Nursery and Pre-school Kindergarteners there on field trips, that neither a Northern land nor Southern water route of Bluestones pyrometamorphism was possible, Rather, post Ice Age Coalfield carbon cave dwellers quarried Shoring Pillars for their homes, the route East through Pembrokeshire, South Wales, and Bristol (Dean) Coalfields carbon caves to Salisbury Plain, where countless digs proved their surface fossil fuel trend ended. Shoring Pillars, durable in High-heat anthracite, bituminous, and sub-bituminous Coal ranks. Most precious.

How did two-ton Preseli bluestones get to Stonehenge? | Tivyside Advertiser

Ralphy Raoul Wally
G. Willy Wally
 
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